目的 观察单次和双次阿苯达唑治疗人体土源性线虫感染的疗效。方法 2015年10月—2016年1月，选择云南省西双版纳州勐海县布朗山乡5所小学2~6年级的小学生进行基线调查，连续2 d收集粪样，每人每天1份，每份粪样采用Kato-Katz法制作3张加藤片镜检，结果为阳性（蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫单一或混合感染）的学生接受阿苯达唑治疗（一次口服400 mg）。服药后3 d连续2 d收集粪样并镜检。4周后同一批学生再次服用阿苯达唑片剂400 mg，3 d后连续2 d收集粪样并镜检。2次服药后均同时开展问卷调查，统计不良反应情况。经2次服药后仍然阳性的学生再服用阿苯达唑片剂治疗1次。将5所小学按行政村归纳，统计不同行政村鞭虫感染治疗疗效。率的比较采用卡方检验。结果 5所学校共调查438人，土源性线虫感染率82.19%（360/438）。男生感染率为79.19%（175/221），女生为85.25%（185/217），差异无统计学意义（χ² = 2.754，P > 0.05）；布朗族、拉祜族、哈尼族、其他民族学生土源性线虫感染率分别为89.79%（299/333）、90.57%（48/53)、21.43%（9/42）、4/10（χ² = 133.781，P < 0.05）；2~6年级学生土源性线虫感染率分别为73.97%（54/73）、90.38%（94/104）、73.56%（64/87）、87.50%（28/32）、84.51%（120/142）（χ² = 13.700，P < 0.05）。蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫感染率分别为52.51%（230/438）、35.39%（155/438）、73.29%（321/438），其中第1次服药后蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫感染治愈率分别为94.24%（180/191）、63.64%（77/121）、2.64%（7/265），第2次服药后蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫感染治愈率分别为98.77%（161/163）、91%（91/100）、6.33%（14/221）。蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫感染者服用1、2次阿苯达唑治愈率差异均有统计学意义（χ² = 5.107、22.487、3.976，P < 0.05）。蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫轻、中、重度感染者两次服药后治愈率差异均无统计学意义（第一次服药χ² = 3.218、3.930、4.050，P > 0.05；第二次服药χ² = 1.745、1.902、0.329，P > 0.05）。第1次服药后觉得吞药片困难、头晕、恶心、腹泻、呕吐等不良反应的发生率依次为11.47%（39/340）、10.88%（37/340）、16.76%（57/340）、7.65%（26/340）、1.47%（5/340）。第2次服药不良反应发生率接近第1次，两次服药各项不良反应发生率差异均无统计学意义。按照学校所在行政村分析，第2次服药后吉良小学感染鞭虫的学生治愈率为12.68%（9/71），高于曼囡小学（3.60%，4/111）（χ² = 5.374，P < 0.05）。结论 阿苯达唑单次疗法对蛔虫感染有较好疗效；双次疗法对蛔虫和钩虫的驱虫效果均更好，且不增加不良反应的发生率。用阿苯达唑治疗中、重度的蛔虫、钩虫感染者无需增加剂量。阿苯达唑对鞭虫治疗效果较差，不宜单独使用阿苯达唑治疗鞭虫感染者。

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of once and twice doses of albendazole in treating human soil-transmitted helminth infections. Methods From October 2015 to January 2016, school students of grades 2-6 in 5 primary schools were selected to participate baseline survey (in Blang Mountain Township, Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Fecal samples were collected for two consecutive days (one sample per day), each of which was used to prepare three slides and examined using Kato-Katz method by microscopy. Students with fecal egg-positive finding (Ascaris, hookworm, Trichuris single or mixed infections) are treated with albendazole (400 mg single dose). Three days after treatment, fecal samples were collected in consecutive 2 days. After 4 weeks, the same group of students received additional single dose of 400 mg albendazole and their fecal samples were collected 3 days after dosing and examined. A questionnaire survey was conducted at the same time of two medications to assess the adverse reactions. Students who were still egg-positive after twice dosing were treated with albendazole once more. The examinees of the five primary schools were summarized according to administrative villages to evaluste the therapeutic effect on Trichuris infection in different villages. The comparison of rates is conducted using χ² test. Results A total of 438 people from 5 schools were investigated, and the infection rate of soil-derived nematodes was 82.19% (360/438). The infection rate was 79.19% (175/221) in boys and 85.25% (185/217) in girls, with no significant difference (χ² = 2.754, P > 0.05). The infection rates of soil-transmitted helminth were 89.79% (299/333), 90.57% (48/53), 21.43% (9/42), 4/10 (χ² = 133.781, P < 0.05) among the Blang, Lahu, Hani and other ethnological populations, respectively. The infection rates were 73.97% (54/73), 90.38% (94/104), 73.56% (64/87), 87.50% (28/32), 84.51% (120/142), respectively (χ² = 13.700, P < 0.05). The infection rates of Ascaris, hookworm and Trichuris were 52.51% (230/438), 35.39% (155/438) and 73.29% (321/438), respectively. The cure rates of Ascaris, hookworm and Trichuris infection after the first dose were 94.24% (180/191), 63.64% (77/121) and 2.64% (7/265), respectively. The cure rates of Ascaris, hookworm and Trichuris infection after the second dose were 98.77% (161/163), 91% (91/100) and 6.33% (14/221), respectively. There was a significant difference in the cure rates of patients with Ascaris, hookworm and Trichuris who took albendazole once and twice (χ² = 5.107, 22.487, 3.976, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the cure rates of mild, moderate and severe patients with Ascaris, hookworm and Trichuris after two doses (the first treatment χ² = 3.218, 3.930, 4.050, P > 0.05; the second treatment χ² = 1.745, 1.902, 0.329, P > 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions such as difficulty swallowing pills, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and vomiting after the first dose was 11.47% (39/340), 10.88% (37/340), 16.76% (57/340), 7.65% (26/340) and 1.47% (5/340), respectively. The incidence of adverse reactions in the second dose was close to that in the first dose, and there was no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two doses. According to the analysis of the village where the school was located, the cure rate of the students infected with Trichuris was 12.68% (9/71) in Kira Primary School after the second dose, which was higher than that in Mannian Primary School (3.60%, 4/111) (χ² = 5.374, P < 0.05). Conclusion Albendazole single therapy showed good effect on Ascaris infection, while double therapy presented a better deworming effect on Ascaris and hookworm infection without increasing the frequency of adverse reactions. It is unnecessary to increase the dosage of albendazole for treating moderate and severe Ascaris and hookworm infections. Albendazole is not effective for treating Trichuris, thus it is not advisable to use albendazole alone for treatment of Trichuris infection.