目的 分析上海市公共卫生临床中心输入性疟疾病例流行病学特征，为上海市疟疾消除后输入性疟疾的监测与防治提供科学依据。方法 收集上海市公共卫生临床中心信息管理系统中2012—2022年的疟疾报告病例资料，采用描述性流行病学方法对报告病例的感染虫种、感染来源、三间分布、就诊和确诊情况等进行分析。结果 2012—2022年上海市公共卫生临床中心共报告疟疾病例248例，均为境外输入病例。中国籍病例228例（占91.9%），外国籍病例20例（占8.1%）。报告病例以恶性疟为主（83.9%，208/248），2017年报告病例数最多（16.5%，41/248）。报告病例感染来源主要为非洲国家（229例，占92.3%），其余为亚洲国家（13例，占5.2%）、南美洲国家（1例，占0.4%）和未知地区（5例，占2.0%）。各月均有病例报告，输入病例数量无季节性分布。报告病例现住址在外地的为126例，上海114例，未知地区8例，其中上海以浦东新区（24例）、闵行区（14例）和松江区（11例）的疟疾报告病例数居前3位。男性报告病例234例（占94.4%），女性报告病例14例（占5.6%），男女性别比为17∶1；报告病例年龄主要集中在20~49岁，占81.9%（203/248）；职业分布以外出务工人员为主，占75.4%（187/248）。于非上海市医院和上海市医院就诊的病例总数分别为14、234例，其中上海市三甲医疗机构的疟疾诊出率为96.3%（154/160），上海市三甲以下医疗机构疟疾诊出率为81.1%（60/74）。248例报告病例从发病到初诊的时间间隔均数为4.5 d，中位数为2（0，4）d，其中3 d以内的189例（占76.2%），4~10 d的51例（占20.6%），10 d以上的8例（占3.2%），不同年份病例从发病至初诊中位时间差异有统计学意义（F = 6.39，P < 0.05）。248例报告病例从初诊至确诊时间间隔均数为1.2 d，中位数为1（0，2）d，初诊当天确诊112例，3 d内确诊共223例，超过3 d确诊25例，不同年份病例从初诊至确诊中位时间差异无统计学意义（F = 1.24, P > 0.05）。结论 2012—2022年上海市公共卫生临床中心报告的疟疾病例均为境外输入病例，以恶性疟为主，感染来源主要为非洲国家。上海市应持续加强输入性病例监测和处置，提升医疗机构诊治能力，加强出境人员健康教育，以巩固消除疟疾成果。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of malaria cases reported in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center to provide scientific basis for surveillance and prevention malaria of imported in the pos-elimination phase. Methods Data of the malaria cases from 2012 to 2022 were collected from the information management system of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and analyzed using descriptive statistical method on the infected species, source of infection, triple distribution, and clinical visits and diagnosis. Results The results showed that a total of 248 malaria cases were reported in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center during 2012—2022, and all cases were imported from overseas. There were 228 patients of Chinese nationality (91.9%) and 20 patients were foreigners (8.1%). The most cases were Plasmodium falciparum infection (208 cases, 83.9%). The highest number of cases was seen in 2017. The infecting cases were mostly imported from African countries (229 cases, 92.3%) and others were from Asian (13 cases, 5.2%)， South American countries (1 case, 0.4%) and unkown area (5 cases, 2.0%). There were cases reported in every month, and there was no seasonal pattern on the number of imported cases. The regional distribution of imported cases showed that 126 cases were located out of Shanghai, 114 cases were in Shanghai. There were 8 cases unknown. Pudong New Area (24 cases, 21.1%), Minhang District (14 cases, 12.3%) and Songjiang District (11 cases, 9.6%) had the highest number of cases in Shanghai. The reported malaria cases comprised 234 males (94.4%) and 14 females (5.6%), with a male-to-female ratio of 17 ∶ 1. The age of the cases were mainly in the age groups of 20-49 years (203 cases, 81.9%). The occupational background of the cases was dominated by migrant workers (187 cases, 75.4%). The number of cases treated at non-Shanghai hospitals and Shanghai hospitals were 14 and 234 cases, respectively. The malaria successful diagnosis rate was 96.3% (154/160) in tertiary A-level hospital, and 81.1% (60/74) in lower medical institutions during 2012—2022 in Shanghai. According to the 248 malaria cases, the average time period from the onset of symptoms to initial examination was 4.5 days, with a median of 2 (0，4) d. Of the Shanghai cases, 189 cases (76.2%) had initial examination 3 days after the onset of symptoms, 51 cases (20.6%) had that 4-10 days after the onset of symptoms, and 8 cases (3.2%) had that 10 days after the onset of symptoms. There was a significant difference between the median time from onset of symptoms to initial examination of malaria (F = 6.393, P < 0.05). The mean time intervals from initial examination to diagnosis was 1.2 d, and the median was 1 (0, 2) d. Of these cases, 112 patients were diagnosed on the day of first examination; 223 cases were diagnosed within 3 days after the initial exminatio and 25 were diagnosed more than 3 days after the initial examination. There was no significant difference between the median time from first examination to diagnosis (F = 1.24, P > 0.05). Conclusion The malaria cases reported in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from 2012 to 2022 were all imported from abroad with the dominant species of P. falciparum. The infection source was mainly from African countries. It is urged that Shanghai should continuously strengthen the surveillance and management of imported malaria, enhance the capability of diagnosis and clinical care in medical institutions, and strengthen health education for outbound personnel to consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination.