收集、整理监测报告管理系统中2023年全国31个省（直辖市、自治区，未包括台湾、香港和澳门地区）和新疆生产建设兵团上报的疟疾流行病学个案调查表，对疟疾疫情特征进行统计分析。2023年全国报告疟疾病例2 488例，较2022年（845例）增加了194.4%。其中境外输入性病例2 487例，输血感染病例1例；恶性疟1 561例（占62.7%，1 561/2 488），间日疟615例（占24.7%，615/2 488），卵形疟234例（占9.4%，234/2 488），三日疟66例（占2.7%，66/2 488），混合感染12例（占0.5%，12/2 488）；中国籍2 313例（占93.0%，2 313/2 488），外国籍175例（占7.0%，175/2 488）；男女性别比为11.6∶1；30~39岁年龄组的病例最多（占29.1%，725/2 488）。31个省（直辖市、自治区）和新疆生产建设兵团均有疟疾病例报告，病例数位居前5位的省份依次为云南（398例）、河南（234例）、广西（195例）、山东（178例）和广东（174例），累计报告1 179例（占47.4%，1 179/2 488）。全国24个省份共报告危重症病例85例（占3.4%，85/2 488），死亡病例12例（占0.5%，12/2 488）。我国已连续7年无本土原发蚊传疟疾病例报告，但输入病例及其再传播风险持续存在。应继续加强监测与响应，及时发现和规范治疗疟疾病例，减少危重症或死亡病例，防止出现本地再传播。

The individual malaria case investigation forms in 31 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions (excluding Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps of China in 2023 were collected and sorted from “The Information System for Infectious Disease Surveillance”. The epidemiological characteristics were analyzed. In 2023, 2 488 malaria cases were reported, showing an increase of 194.4% compared to 2022 (845). Among them, there were 2 487 imported cases, 1 case of blood transfusion infection; 1 561 falciparum malaria cases (62.7%, 1 561/2 488), 615 vivax malaria (24.7%, 615/2 488), 234 ovale malaria (9.4%, 234/2 488), 66 malariae malaria (2.7%, 66/2 488) and 12 cases with mixed-infection (0.5%, 12/2 488). In the reported, 2 313 cases were of Chinese nationality (93.0%, 2 313/2 488) and 175 cases foreign nationality (7.0%, 175/2 488); the male-to-female ratio was 11.6∶1; the highest number of cases (29.1%, 725/2 488) was seen at the age group of 30-39 years showed. The malaria cases were reported from all the 31 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, with the top 5 provinces of Yunnan (398 cases), Henan (234 cases), Guangxi (195 cases), Shandong (178 cases) and Guangdong (174 cases) accumulately, a total of 1 179 cases (47.4%, 1 179/2 488) reported. Of the reported, 85 were severe cases (3.4%, 85/2 488) and 12 deaths (0.5%, 12/2 488). Although no local transmitted primary malaria cases have been reported in China for seven consecutive years, the risk of imported cases and re-transmission. It is imperative to continuousely strengthen the surveillance and response, find the cases timely and deliver standardized treatment, so as to reduce severe cases and death, preventing local re-transmission.