目的 调查山西省内脏利什曼病流行区家犬密度、家犬感染情况和白蛉密度。 方法 2021—2022年在山西省阳泉市郊区、长治市武乡县和临汾市乡宁县随机选2~6个村开展调查，通过逐户调查的方式获得调查点犬只密度。根据既往调查结果计算家犬调查样本量，采集家犬静脉血样并记录详细信息，使用犬用rk39免疫层析试纸条检测家犬血清抗利什曼原虫抗体。从3个调查区（县）中选择近5年内有本地病例报告和无病例报告的自然村各2个，每个村选择农户和牲畜棚各2处，采用灯诱法开展白蛉密度调查，每年5—9月的上旬和下旬各开展一次，计算白蛉均密度。通过全民健保系统收集山西省内脏利什曼病流行区病例报告数据。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析，3个调查区（县）不同年份的家犬血清抗体阳性率比较采用χ²检验。 结果 2021—2022年山西省3个调查区（县）家犬平均密度为0.09只/户，阳泉市郊区、长治市武乡县和临汾市乡宁县家犬平均密度分别为0.07、0.16、0.13只/户。共采集家犬血清1 149份，血清利什曼原虫抗体阳性率为6.4%（73/1 149）。采集血样的1 149只家犬中，公犬血清抗体阳性率为7.6%（41/542），母犬为5.1%（31/607）（χ² = 2.94，P > 0.05）。能获知犬龄的家犬1 093只，4岁及以下犬只合计占75.6%（826/1 093），5岁组家犬的血清抗体阳性率最高（8.2%，7/85），不同年龄组犬只的血清抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。共捕获白蛉25 537只，其中雌蛉23 012只（占90.1%），雄蛉2 525只（占9.9%）。白蛉平均密度为26.1只/（灯·夜），阳泉市郊区、长治市武乡县和临汾市乡宁县白蛉平均密度分别为3.9、36.6、45.9只/（灯·夜）。2021—2022年山西省3个调查区（县）共报告内脏利什曼病病例57例，其中阳泉市郊区、长治市武乡县和临汾市乡宁县分别报告病例45、3和9例。 结论 山西省3个调查区（县）白蛉密度和犬感染率较高。

Objective To investigate the population density of domestic dogs, the prevalence of Leishmania infection in domestic dogs, and the density of sandfy in the visceral leishmaniasis (VL) endemic areas in Shanxi Province. Methods The investigation was carried out in 2 to 6 villages randomly selected from suburbs of Yangquan City, Wuxiang County of Changzhi City, and Xiangning County of Linfen City in Shanxi Province from 2021 to 2022. The domestic dog population density was obtained through household survey in the survey areas. The sample size of domestic dogs was estimated based on the previous survey results. Venous blood sampls were collected from the selected dogs and their detailed information were recorded. The canine rk39 immunochromatographic test strip was used to detect serum anti-Leishmania antibodies in the sampled dogs. From each of 3 survey areas (county), 2 natural villages were selected, which had local case reports or no case reports over the last five years. The sandfy density was investigated by light trap method in 2 farmer's households and livestock barns, respectively, selected from each village. For calculation of mean sandfy density, the survey was conducted once at early and latter part of every month during May to September yearly. The VL case report data from Shanxi endemic areas were collected through the Population-based Healthcare System. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0, and the chi-square test was used to compare the positive rate of anti-Leishmania antibody in domestic dogs in different years in 3 survey areas (counties). Results The average domestic dogs density in the 3 survey areas (counties) in Shanxi Province from 2021 to 2022 was 0.09 dogs per household. The mean domestic dog density in the outer suburbs of Yangquan City, Wuxiang County of Changzhi City and Xiangning County of Linfen City were 0.07, 0.16, and 0.13 dogs per household, respectively. A total of 1 149 blood samples were collected, of which 73 were positive for anti-Leishmania antibodies, resulting in a positivity rate of 6.4% (73/1 149). The positivity rate of anti-Leishmania antibodies in male dogs was 7.6% (41/542), and in female dogs the positivity rate was 5.1% (31/607), with no significant difference in the positivity rate of anti-Leishmania antibodies between sexes (χ² = 2.94, P > 0.05). Among the 1 093 dogs whose age was known, 75.6% (826/1 093) were aged four or younger. The positivity rate of anti-Leishmania antibodies in dogs aged five years was the highest (8.2%, 7/85), and there was no significant difference in the positivity rate of anti-Leishmania antibodies among different age groups (P > 0.05). A total of 25 537 sandflies were captured, of which 23 012 were females (accounting for 90.1%), and 2 525 were males (accounting for 9.9%). The mean density of sandflies was 26.1 flies per lamp-night, and the mean density of sandflies in the outer suburbs of Yangquan City, Wuxiang County of Changzhi City and Xiangning County of Linfen City were 3.9, 36.6 and 45.9 flies per lamp-night, respectively. A total of 57 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported in 3 districts (counties) of Shanxi Province from 2021 to 2022, with 45, 3 and 9 cases reported from the outer suburbs of Yangquan City, Wuxiang County of Changzhi City and Xiangning County of Linfen City, respectively. Conclusion In three survey areas (county) of Shanxi Province, the sandfly density and the infection rate of Leishmania in domestic dogs are relatively high.