目的 探讨农村母亲和儿童土源性线虫感染对学龄前儿童喘息、哮喘和皮肤点刺试验（SPT）阳性的影响。方法 收集2020年4月—2021年3月在运城市中心医院门诊进行健康体检的居住在农村地区的学龄前儿童及其母亲。通过问卷收集母亲与儿童基本资料，及关于喘息/哮喘的情况。收集研究对象粪样，采用改良加藤厚涂片法检测土源性线虫感染情况，并进行SPT试验，收集研究对象过敏特应性数据。应用多因素非条件logistic回归分析探讨影响儿童哮喘、喘息、SPT阳性的相关因素。结果 本研究中儿童及其母亲各2 014人，母亲的土源性线虫感染率为14.40%（290/2 014），学龄前儿童的土源性线虫感染率为7.99%（161/2 014）。有喘息症状的儿童117例，发生率为5.81%（117/2 014）；哮喘149例，发生率为7.40%（149/2 014）；SPT阳性304例，阳性率为15.09%（304/2 014）。早产儿、母亲有过敏史、家中有人吸烟是儿童喘息的危险因素（P < 0.05，OR > 1）；儿童性别为女、完全母乳喂养是儿童喘息的保护因素（P < 0.05，OR < 1）。母亲有过敏史、家中有人吸烟、家中种植花草是儿童哮喘的危险因素（P < 0.05，OR > 1）；儿童性别为女、完全母乳喂养是儿童哮喘的保护因素（P < 0.05，OR < 1）。母亲有过敏史是儿童SPT阳性的危险因素（P < 0.05，OR > 1），儿童性别为女、儿童有土源性线虫感染、母亲有土源性线虫感染是儿童SPT阳性的保护因素（P < 0.05，OR < 1）。结论 母亲和儿童土源性线虫感染可能会降低儿童过敏性疾病的发生。

Objective To investigate the effects of soil-transmitted nematode infection of mother and child on wheezing, asthma, and skin prick test (SPT) positive in rural preschool children. Methods Preschool children and their mohers in rural area were enrolled respectively, who underwent physical examination in the Yuncheng Central Hospital outpatient sector from April 2020 to March 2021. Basic information of mothers and children and children’s wheezing/asthma condition were collected through questionnaires. Fecal samples were collected from participants, and examined for soil-transmitted nematode eggs by the Kato-Katz thick smaear method, The SPT test was performed for children to collect allergic and atopic data. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relevant factors affecting asthma, wheezing, and SPT positivity in children. Results In this study, there were 2 014 children and their mothers each. The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes among the mothers was 14.40% (290/2 014), and among the preschool children was 7.99% (161/2 014). There were 117 children had wheezing symptoms, with an occurrence rate of 5.81% (117/2 014); 149 cases had asthma, with an occurrence rate of 7.40% (149/2 014) and 304 cases were positive for SPT, with a positive rate of 15.09% (304/2 014). Premature infants, mothers with a history of allergies, and family members smoking are risk factors for wheezing in children (P < 0.05, OR > 1); female gender and complete breastfeeding are protective factors for wheezing in children (P < 0.05, OR < 1). Mothers with a history of allergies, having someone smoking at home, and planting flowers and plants at home are risk factors for childhood asthma (P < 0.05, OR > 1); female and complete breastfeeding are protective factors for childhood asthma (P < 0.05, OR < 1). Mothers with a history of allergies is a risk factor for SPT positivity in children (P < 0.05, OR > 1), while the gender of the child, presence of soil-transmitted nematode infection in the child, and presence of soil-transmitted nematode infection in the mother are protective factors for SPT positivity in children (P < 0.05, OR < 1). Conclusion Mothers and children infected with soil-transmitted nematode may reduce the occurrence of allergic diseases in children.