目的 了解2016—2021年四川省土源性线虫感染的现状和趋势，为制定土源性线虫病防治策略提供科学依据。方法 2016—2021年，在四川省140个县（市、区）分别设立固定监测点（4个）和流动监测点（136个）。监测点按地理方位划分为东、西、南、北、中5个片区，每个片区随机抽取1个乡（镇、街道) 的1个行政村（社区），每个行政村调查当年整群抽取3周岁以上常住居民不少于200人。采集受检对象粪样，采用改良加藤厚涂片法（一粪二检）检查肠道蠕虫卵。感染率的比较采用χ²检验。 结果 分析土源性线虫感染率，共监测165 551人，总感染率为7.02%（11 614/165 551），各年度分别为8.19%（2 946/35 985）、7.75%（2 675/34 520）、8.14%（1 654/20 316）、8.05%（2 518/31 292）、3.57%（937/26 264）、5.15%（884/17 174）（χ² = 415.370，P < 0.05）。钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫感染率分别为5.63%（9 326/165 551）、1.04%（1 730/165 551）和0.60%（993/165 551）。四川省5类地形中，以丘陵地区人群土源性线虫感染率最高，为9.42%（7 648/81 168）；川西北高原最低，为1.8%（205/11 406) （χ² = 1 771.185，P < 0.05）。男性和女性土源性线虫感染率分别为6.84%（5 389/78 777）和7.17%（6 225/86 774）（χ² = 7.018，P < 0.05）。不同年龄组中70~79岁组土源性线虫感染率最高，为11.85%（2 319/19 569）（χ² = 2 056.363，P < 0.05）。不同文化程度人群中文盲人群土源性线虫感染率最高，为10.04%（2 133/21 244）（χ² = 994.429，P < 0.05）。不同职业人群中农（牧、渔）民土源性线虫感染率最高，为7.93%（9 921/125 079）（χ² = 734.068，P < 0.05）。不同民族中彝族人群土源性线虫感染率最高，为19.48%（890/4 569）（χ² = 1 638.694，P < 0.05）。结论 2016—2021年四川省土源性线虫感染率呈下降趋势，以钩虫为主。丘陵地区、川西南山地感染率较高，是重点防治地区。女性、年龄较大者、文化程度较低者、彝族人群感染率较高，是重点防治人群。

Objective To understand the current situation and trend of soil-transmitted nematode infection in Sichuan Province from 2016 to 2021, and to provide scientific basis for formulating the control strategies of soil-transmitted nematode disease. Methods From 2016 to 2021, 4 fixed and 136 mobile were set up in 140 counties (cities, districts) in Sichuan Province. The surveillance sites were assigned to five areas according to geographical location of east, west, south, north and central. One administrative village (community) of one township (town, street) was randomly selected from each geographical area, and no less than 200 permanent residents over age 3 in the survey year was cluster sampled from each administrative village. The fecal samples of participants were collected, and examined for intestinal nematode eggs using modified Kato thick smear method (two slide-reading each sample). χ² test was used to compare the infection rate between groups. Results A total of 165 551 people were surveyed, and the overall infection rate was 7.02% (11 614/165 551). The infection rate in each year was 8.19% (2 946/35 985), 7.75% (2 675/34 520), 8.14% (1 654/20 316), 8.05% (2 518/31 292), 3.57% (937/26 264), 5.15% (884/17 174), respectively (χ² = 415.370, P < 0.05). The infection rate of hookworm, ascaris and trichuris was 5.63% (9326/165 551), 1.04% (1730/165 551) and 0.60% (993/165 551), respectively. Among the five types of landform in Sichuan Province, the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes among people in hilly areas was the highest, being 9.42% (7 648/81 168); the infection rate in northwest Sichuan plateau is the lowest, which was 1.8% (205/11 406) (χ²=1 771.185, P < 0.05). The infection rates of soil-transmitted nematodes in males and females was 6.84% (5 389/78 777) and 7.17% (62 225/86 774), respectively (χ² = 7.018, P < 0.05). Among different age groups, the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes in the 70-79 age group was the highest, which was 11.85% (2 319/19 569) (χ²=2 056.363, P < 0.05). Among people with different education levels, the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes in illiterate people was the highest at 10.04% (2 133/21 244)(χ² = 994.429, P < 0.05). Among different occupational groups, the infection rate of soil nematode was the highest, which was 7.93%(9 921/125 079) in farmers(herdsmen and fishermen) (χ² = 734.068, P < 0.05). Among different ethnic groups,the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes in the Yi ethnic group was the highest, which was 19.48% (890/4 569) (χ² =1 638.694, P < 0.05). Conclusion From 2016 to 2021, the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes in Sichuan Province showed a downward trend, mainly hookworm infection. Hilly areas and mountainous areas in southwestern Sichuan had higher infection rate and are key areas to prevention and control. Women, older people, people with lower education level and Yi ethnic group had higher infection rate, and are the key groups to prevention and control populations.