目的 了解青岛市黄海近海海鱼异尖线虫的感染现状和本地居民对异尖线虫病的知晓情况。 方法 2021年10月，在青岛市渔人码头和琅琊台台西码头采购海鱼，解剖并分离海鱼的内脏和肌肉，查找异尖线虫幼虫，分析不同鱼种、不同脏器异尖线虫感染情况，分析感染度与海鱼体长、体质量的相关性。在西海岸新区随机抽取5个村，对有意愿参与调查的居民进行异尖线虫病问卷调查，分析居民对异尖线虫的防治知识知晓率和行为习惯。在当地哨点医院开展异尖线虫病监测。感染率和构成比的比较采用Fisher精确检验，采用Spearman秩相关进行相关性分析，人群知识了解程度比较采用卡方检验。 结果 共采集海鱼22种196尾，其中70尾检出异尖线虫，感染率为35.7%（70/196）。13种海鱼检出异尖线虫，占59.1%（13/22），其中鳗鲡鱼、偏口鱼、太平洋真鳕、鲐鱼（均为10/10）和黄姑鱼（9/9）全部感染异尖线虫，不同鱼种海鱼异尖线虫感染率差异有统计学意义（χ² = 147.93，P < 0.01）。海鱼异尖线虫平均感染度为34.8条/尾（2 439/70）；感染度最高的为太平洋真鳕（189.3条/尾），其次为蓝点马鲛（25.7条/尾）。小黄鱼、白姑鱼仅在肠系膜和肠壁检出异尖线虫，分别占4/4、5/5；狗鱼、褐菖鮋仅在体腔检出异尖线虫，分别占13/13、2/2。秩相关分析结果显示，小黄鱼、狗鱼的异尖线虫感染度与体长（r = 0.71、0.81，均P < 0.05）和体质量（r = 0.64、0.80，均P < 0.05）呈正相关，鮟鱇鱼异尖线虫感染度与体质量呈负相关（r = -0.98，P < 0.01），其余感染鱼的感染度与体长和体质量无相关性。共收集387份问卷调查，其中8.5%（33/387）的居民听说过异尖线虫病，4.9%（19/387）的居民了解异尖线虫病对人体的危害，7.0%（27/387）的居民喜欢食生或半生海鱼，17.8%（69/387）的居民处理生熟食的砧板不分开。男性和女性的知识知晓率分别为11.2%（18/160）、6.6%（15/227）（χ² = 7.69，P < 0.05）；庄家瞳村居民的知识知晓率[36.7%（26/71）]高于其他村居民（χ² = 81.15，P < 0.01）；≥ 60岁年龄组居民的知识知晓率最高，为11.8%（16/136），不同年龄组居民的知晓率差异无统计学意义（χ² = 10.89，P > 0.05）。哨点医院监测未发现异尖线虫感染者。 结论 青岛市西海岸新区海鱼中异尖线虫感染率较高，居民异尖线虫病防治知识知晓率低，存在食生或半生海鱼和生熟食砧板不分的现象。

Objective To investigate the Anisakis infection in marine fishes in the Yellow Sea and local resident awareness of anisakiasis in Qingdao. Methods In October 2021, marine fishes were purchased from Fisherman’s Wharf in Qingdao and Taixi Wharf in Langya. The viscera and muscle of the marine fishes were disected to search for Anisakis larvae. The Anisakis infection in different fish species, and different organs were examined to anlyze the correlation between the infection intensity and body length and weight of the marine fishes. Five villages were randomly selected in the West Coast New District to conduct a questionnaire survey on anisakiasis knowledge among residents who were willing to participate in the survey. The knowledge awareness rate and behavior habits of the residents on Anisakis were analyzed. Surveillance for anisakiasis was conducted in local sentinel hospital. The Fisher exact test was used to compare the infection rate and the responders proportion; Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed; Chi-square test was used for analyzing the knowledge awareness rate. Results A total of 196 fish from 22 species were collected, of which 70 were infected with Anisakis. The infection rate was 35.7% (70/196). Total 13 species of marine fishes were found infected with Anisakis, accounting for 59.1% (13/22), among which Muraenesox cinereus, Pleuronichthys cornutus, Gadous macrocephaius, Scomber japonicas (all 10/10) and Nibea albiflora (9/9) were all infected with Anisakis larvae. The infection rate of Anisakis was significantly different between different species (χ² = 147.93, P < 0.01). The average infection intensity was 34.8 larvae/fish (2 439/70). The highest infection intensity was found in Gadous macrocephaius (189.3 larvae/fish), followed by Scomberomorus niphonius (25.7 larvae/fish). In Larimichthys polyactis and Pennahia argentata, Anisakis larvae were only found in mesentery and intestinal wall, accounting for 4/4 and 5/5, respectively. In Esox reicherti and Sebastiscus marmoratus, Anisakis larvae were only found in the body cavity, accounting for 13/13 and 2/2, respectively. Rank correlation analysis show that the infection intensities of Anisakis in L. polyactis and E. reicherti were positively correlated with body length (r = 0.71, 0.81, all P < 0.05) and body weight (r = 0.64, 0.80, all P < 0.05), while the infection intensity of Anisakis in Lophiomus litulon was negatively correlated with body weight (r = -0.98, P < 0.01). The infection intensity of other infected fishes was not correlated with body length and body weight. A total of 387 local residents were surveyed, 8.5% (33/387) of which had heard of anisakiasis, 4.9% (19/387) had knowledge on the harm of anisakiasis, and 7.0% (27/387) preferred to eat raw or semi-raw marine fishes, 17.8% (69/387) of residents processed raw and cooked food with shared cutting boards. The knowledge awareness rates of male and female were 11.2% (18/160) and 6.6% (15/227), respectively (χ² = 7.69, P < 0.05). The knowledge awareness rate of residents in Zhuangjiatong Village [36.7% (26/71)] was higher than that of other villages (χ² = 81.15, P < 0.01). The knowledge awareness rate in ≥ 60 years old residents was the highest, which was 11.8% (16/136), but there was no significant difference among age groups (χ² = 10.89, P > 0.05). Sentinel hospitals monitor did not find any patient infected with Anisakis. Conclusion The infection rate of Anisakis in marine fishes in Qingdao is comparatively high. The knowledge awareness rate on preventrion and control of anisakiasis in resident is low. The locals comsume raw or semi-cooked marine fishes, and process raw and cooked food with shared cutting boards.