目的 了解宁夏多房棘球蚴病流行区犬和野外宿主感染情况。 方法 采用随机抽样方法，于2021年在有多房棘球蚴病流行的西吉县、原州区和海原县各抽取16个村作为调查点。在调查村垃圾投放点半径100 m范围内采集流浪犬粪样，同时采集调查村家犬粪样。在每个县自然林场的外围采集狐狸、狼等野外终宿主粪样。采用ELISA检测家犬、流浪犬、狐狸、狼等粪样的棘球绦虫抗原，并计算粪抗原阳性率。以调查村外围住户为起点向外延伸1 km范围捕捉野鼠，在调查村居民室内捕捉家鼠，鉴定后解剖，查找肝、肺、腹腔等脏器的囊状物、包块或结节等疑似病灶，制备疑似病灶组织切片，苏木精-伊红染色后显微镜下观察原头节，并计算鼠感染率。采用SPSS19.0软件进行统计分析，粪抗原阳性率、感染率差异的比较采用χ²检验。 结果 宁夏西吉县、原州区和海原县共检测流浪犬粪样1 554份、家犬粪样2 567份，粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率分别为4.76%（74/1 554）、0.97%（25/2 567），二者差异有统计学意义（χ² = 59.23，P < 0.05）。其中，西吉县、海原县、原州区流浪犬粪抗原阳性率分别为6.51%（31/507）、3.48%（18/517）、4.34%（23/530），均高于家犬的1.30%（11/843）、0.70%（6/859）、0.92%（2/217）（χ² = 27.17、14.58、17.62，均P < 0.05）。共捕获鼠类7种649只，鼠类多房棘球蚴感染率为0.62%（4/649），检出感染多房棘球蚴的4只鼠均为阿拉善黄鼠。阿拉善黄鼠多房棘球蚴感染率为1.09%（4/366），其中西吉县阿拉善黄鼠多房棘球蚴感染率为2.31%（3/130）、原州区为0.86%（1/116），两县(区)感染率之间差异无统计学意义（χ² = 0.77，P > 0.05），海原县未检出阳性鼠。各调查点阿拉善黄鼠的密度为3.02~11.48只/hm²（1 hm² = 10 000 m²）。3个县(区)共采集狐狸、狼等野外终宿主粪样252份，粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率为1.19%（3/252）。抗原阳性的粪样均为狐狸粪样，狐狸粪样阳性率为2.61%（3/115），其中西吉县狐狸粪样阳性率为3.92%（2/51）、原州区为2.78%（1/36），两县(区)感染率之间差异无统计学意义（χ² = 0.08，P > 0.05），海原县未检出阳性狐狸粪样。 结论 宁夏流浪犬、狐狸粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率较高，中间宿主阿拉善黄鼠有多房棘球蚴感染，提示多房棘球蚴流行循环链依然存在，应加强流浪犬等野外宿主的调查研究与管理驱虫工作。

Objective To understand the infection of dogs and wild animal hosts in alveolar echinococcosis endemic areas in Ningxia. Methods In 2021, 16 villages were randomly selected as investigation sites from Xiji County, Yuanzhou District and Haiyuan County, respectively, in the endemic area of alveolar echinococcosis. Feces of stray dogs were collected within 100 meters radius of the garbage drop points in the survey villages, meantime, domestic dogs were also collected from the villages. Feces from wild definitive hosts such as foxes and wolves were collected around the natural forest farm in each county. ELISA was used to detect Echinococcus antigens in the fecal samples of domestic dogs, stray dogs, foxes and wolves. Wild rats were captured within an area statting from the households outside the village, extending outwards for 1 km radius. Domestic rats were captured indoors in the households of the survey villages. After identification, the rats were dissected to examine the suspected lesions, including cysts, masses or nodules in the liver, lung, abdominal cavity and other organs, and tissue sections of suspected lesions were prepared to identify the protoscoleces microscopically after staining with hematoxylin-eosin. The infection rate of rats was calculated. SPSS19.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and the difference between the fecal antigen-positive rate and infection rate was compared by χ² examination. Results A total of 1 554 stray dogs and 2 567 domestic dogs were investigated in Xiji County, Yuanzhou District and Haiyuan County, and the positive rates of Echinococcus coproantigen were 4.76% (74/1 554) and 0.97% (25/2 567), respectively. The difference was statistically significant (χ² = 59.23, P < 0.05). The positive rates of Echinococcus coproantigen in stray dogs from Xiji County, Haiyuan County and Yuanzhou District were 6.51% (31/507), 3.48% (18/517) and 4.34% (23/530), respectively; which were higher than that of domestic dogs [1.30% (11/843), 0.70% (6/859) and 0.92% (2/217)] (χ² = 27.17, 14.58, 17.62； all P < 0.05). A total of 649 rodents were captured, which belong to 7 species. The infection rate of E. multilocularis cyst was 0.62% (4/649). The four rodents infected with E. multilocularis were all Spermophilcus alashanicus. The infection rate of E. multilocularis cyst in Sp. alashanicus was 1.09% (4/366). The infection rate of E. multilocularis cyst was 2.31% (3/130) in Xiji County and 0.86% (1/116) in Yuanzhou District, with no significant difference between the two counties (χ² = 0.77, P > 0.05). No positive rodents were found in Haiyuan County. The density of Sp. alashanicus of the survey sites were 3.02-11.48 individual/hm² (1 hm² = 10 000 m²). A total of 252 faecal samples from wild definitive hosts, including foxes and wolves, were detected in 3 counties (districts). The positive rate was 1.19% (3/252). All the antigen-positive faeces were from foxes, and the positive rate of fox feces was 2.61% (3/115). The positive rate of fox fecal samples was 3.92% (2/51) in Xiji County and 2.78% (1/36) in Yuanzhou District, with no significant difference between the two counties (χ² = 0.08, P > 0.05). No positive fecal samples were found in Haiyuan County. Conclusion The positive rate of E. multilocularis coproantigen remained considerably in stray dogs and foxes in Ningxia. The intermediate host, Sp. alashanicus, was found infected with E. multilocularis, indicating that its transmission chain still exists. It is necessary to strengthen investigation, management and deworming in stray dogs and other wild animal hosts.