将100只雄性SD大鼠随机分为肝穿组与门静脉组,每组50只,分别采用开腹肝穿法与门静脉穿刺注射法建立肝多房棘球蚴感染SD大鼠模型,感染后比较两组大鼠术后存活率;感染后4个月,经超声检查与开腹检查计算两组大鼠感染成功率,并比较两组大鼠病灶的超声表现。苏木素-伊红（HE）染色观察两组大鼠肝脏病灶情况。结果显示,肝穿组大鼠感染后存活率为96.0%（48/50）,高于门静脉组的84.0%（42/50）（χ² = 4.000,P < 0.05）。肝穿组的感染成功率为56.3%（27/48）,与门静脉组的61.9%（26/42）差异无统计学意义（χ² = 0.296,P > 0.05）。超声结果显示,肝穿组成功感染的27只大鼠中,4只有多发病灶,其余21只大鼠均为肝内单发病灶;门静脉组成功感染的26只大鼠均表现为单发病灶（P < 0.05）。肝穿组大鼠的病灶均位于肝左叶,门静脉组均位于肝右叶（P < 0.05）。肝穿组12只大鼠肝脏病灶表现为内部回声均匀的实性病灶,7只表现为回声欠均匀并伴有钙化的实性病灶,8只表现为回声不均匀,内部伴有大小不等无回声囊泡的混合性病灶;门静脉组6只大鼠肝脏病灶表现为内部回声均匀的实性病灶,16只表现为回声不均匀,内部伴有大小不等囊泡的混合性病灶,4只表现为内部回声不均匀并伴有钙化及囊泡的混合性病灶;两组差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。肝穿组肝脏病灶最大直径平均为（5.86 ± 2.69）mm,小于门静脉组的（11.69 ± 5.94）mm（t = -4.578,P < 0.01）。HE染色结果显示,两组大鼠肝脏内均可见有明显生发结构的多房棘球蚴感染病灶,病灶周围伴有不同程度的炎性细胞浸润和增生的纤维结缔组织。两种方法均能建立肝多房棘球蚴感染病灶大鼠模型,超声表现存在差异,门静脉穿刺注射法更适用于建立多房棘球蚴感染动物模型。

100 male SD rats were randomly divided into the liver puncture group and the portal vein injection group, with 50 rats in each group. The SD rat hepatic Echinococcus multilocular infection models were established by open liver puncture and portal vein injection. The survival rates of the two groups were compared after infection. The infection rate in the two groups was calculated by ultrasonic examination and open examination 4 months after infection. The ultrasonic manifestations of lesions in the two groups were compared. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the liver lesions of the two groups. The results showed that the postoperative survival rate of rats in the liver puncture group was 96.0% (48/50), which was higher than 84.0% (42/50) in the portal vein group (χ² = 4.000, P < 0.05). The infection rate in the liver puncture group was 56.3% (27/48), and there was no significant difference compared to that of the portal vein group (61.9%, 26/42) (χ² = 0.296, P > 0.05). Ultrasound results showed that of the 27 rats successfully inoculated in the liver puncture group, 4 had multiple lesions, and the remaining 21 rats showed single intrahepatic lesions. The 26 rats successfully inoculated in the portal vein group showed single E. multilocular infection (P < 0.05). The lesions in the liver puncture group were all located in the left lobe of the liver. The lesions in the portal vein group were all located in the right lobe of the liver (P < 0.05). The liver lesions of the 12 rats in the liver puncture group were solid lesions with uniform internal echoes, 7 were solid lesions with uneven echoes and calcifications, and 8 were non-uniform echoes with internal echoes of different sizes, and mixed lesions of echogenic vesicles. The liver lesions of 6 rats in the portal vein group showed solid lesions with uniform internal echo, 16 rats showed mixed lesions with uneven echo and internal vesicles of different sizes, and 4 showed mixed lesions with heterogeneous internal echoes accompanied by calcification and vesicles. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The average maximum diameter of liver lesions in the liver puncture group was (5.86 ± 2.69) mm, which was smaller than that in the portal vein group (11.69 ± 5.94) mm (t = -4.578, P < 0.01). The results of HE staining showed that all the lesions were infected by E. multilocularis. There were obvious germinal structures in the liver of rats in the liver puncture group and portal vein group, and there were varying degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration and proliferative fibrous connective tissue around the lesions. It is suggested that both methods can establish the rat model of hepatic E. multilocularis infection, and there are differences in ultrasonic manifestations. The portal vein puncture injection method is more suitable for establishing the animal model of E. multilocular infection.