收稿日期: 2021-11-05
修回日期: 2022-01-25
网络出版日期: 2022-09-07
基金资助
陕西省科技资源开放共享平台(2020PT-030)
Epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Shaanxi Province from 2011 to 2020
Received date: 2021-11-05
Revised date: 2022-01-25
Online published: 2022-09-07
Supported by
Shaanxi Province Science and Technology Resources Open and Sharing Platform(2020PT-030)
目的 分析2011—2020年陕西省疟疾病例流行特征与诊断情况,为消除疟疾后防止再传播的监测和防控工作提供依据。 方法 在国家传染病报告信息管理系统、寄生虫病防治信息管理系统中收集2011—2020年陕西省疟疾监测报告数据和疟疾病例个案流行病学调查数据,对病例感染虫种、感染来源、地区分布、月度分布和诊断及时性进行分析。病例报告月份分布采用圆形分布法进行分析,发病-诊断时间间隔采用Kruskal-Wallis检验。 结果 2011—2020年陕西省共报告疟疾病例609例,其中境外输入病例604例,国内其他省输入病例4例（为2011—2013年报告病例,均来自云南）,1例复发病例（为2010年商洛市商州区报告病例,于2011年复发）。报告病例感染来源地主要为非洲（559例,占91.79%）和亚洲（45例,占7.39%）。恶性疟447例（占73.40%）,间日疟79例（占12.97%）,卵形疟56例（占9.19%）,三日疟11例（占1.81%）,未分型疟疾16例（占2.63%）。恶性疟病例主要来自几内亚（71例）、安哥拉（70例）、喀麦隆（43例）,间日疟主要来自埃塞俄比亚（17例）、巴基斯坦（9例）、安哥拉（7例）,卵形疟主要来自几内亚（19例）、尼日利亚（8例）、安哥拉（7例）,三日疟主要来自几内亚（3例）、安哥拉（3例）。2011—2020年每月均有疟疾病例报告,其中1月和7月累计报告病例数较多,分别占总报告病例数的10.84%（66/609）和9.69%（59/609）。2011—2020年陕西省疟疾报告月份分布无集中趋势（Z = 0.754,P > 0.05）。病例报告地以西安市雁塔区最多（230例）,占总报告病例数的37.77%;病例现住址地以安康市汉滨区最多（72例）,占总报告病例数的11.82%。2011—2020年,疟疾报告病例的年龄集中于20~50岁,占总报告病例数的86.70%（529/609）;职业以农民、工人和干部职员为主,分别占总报告病例数的38.92%（237/609）、19.21%（117/609）和11.82%（72/609）。2011—2017年报告疟疾病例发病-确诊时间间隔中位数为5~7 d,其后降至2020年的3 d,各年度报告疟疾病例发病-确诊时间间隔差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 25.457,P < 0.05）。 结论 2011—2020年陕西省报告的疟疾病例以境外输入性病例为主,感染来源地主要为非洲,感染虫种主要为恶性疟原虫。
曹磊 , 马琳 , 朱妮 , 张义 , 王安礼 , 王舒 , 李欣欣 . 2011—2020年陕西省疟疾流行特征[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2022 , 40(4) : 454 -459 . DOI: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2022.04.006
Objective To analyze the malaria epidemiological characteristics and malaria case information in Shaanxi province from 2011 to 2020 to provide basis for the surveillance and prevention of re-transmission after malaria elimination. Methods Malaria surveillance data and individual case epidemiological survey data in 2011—2020 in Shaanxi Province were collected from the national infectious disease reporting information management system and parasitic disease prevention and control information management system, analyzing the infected species, source of infection, regional distribution, monthly distribution and diagnosis timeliness. The distribution of monthly case report was analyzed using the circular distribution method, and the onset-diagnosis time interval was determined using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results From 2011 to 2020, a total of 609 malaria cases were reported in Shaanxi Province, including 604 imported from abroad, four imported from other provinces in China (reported from 2011 to 2013, all from Yunnan Province), and one recurrent case (reported in Shangzhou District, Shangluo City in 2010, which recurred in 2011). The main sources of reported cases were Africa (559 cases, accounting for 91.79%) and Asia (45 cases, accounting for 7.39%). There were 447 cases of P. falciparum infection (accounting for 73.40%), 79 cases of P. vivax infection (accounting for 12.97%), 56 cases of P. ovale infection (accounting for 9.19%), 11 cases of P. malariae infection (accounting for 1.81%), and 16 cases of uncharacterized Plasmodium (accounting for 2.63%). The P. falciparum cases were mainly from Guinea (71 cases), Angola (70 cases) and Cameroon (43 cases). The P. vivax cases were mainly from Ethiopia (17 cases), Pakistan (9 cases) and Angola (7 cases). The P. ovale cases were mainly from Guinea (19 cases), Nigeria (8 cases) and Angola (7 cases). The P. malariae cases were mainly from Guinea (3 cases) and Angola (3 cases). From 2011 to 2020, malaria cases were reported every month, with more cases reported in January and July, accounting for 10.84% (66/609) and 9.69% (59/609) of the total cases, respectively. There was no central trend in the distribution of malaria reporting months in Shaanxi Province from 2011 to 2020 (Z = 0.754, P > 0.05). The Yanta District of Xi’an City had the most cases reported (230 cases), accounting for 37.77% of the total number of cases; the current address of the cases is the most in Hanbin District of Ankang City (72 cases), accounting for 11.82% of the total number of cases. From 2011 to 2020, the age of reported malaria cases was concentrated in 20-50 years old, accounting for 86.70% (529/609) of the total reported cases. The occupations are mainly farmers, workers and cadres, accounting for 38.92% (237/609), 19.21% (117/609) and 11.82% (72/609) of the total cases, respectively. The median time interval between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of malaria cases from 2011 to 2017 was 5 to 7 days, and then decreased to 3 days in 2020. There was a statistically significant difference in the time interval between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of malaria cases each year (χ2 = 25.457, P < 0.05). Conclusion The malaria cases reported in Shaanxi Province from 2011 to 2020 were mainly imported from overseas, mostly from Africa, with the predominant infection species P. falciparum.
Key words： Malaria; Source of infection; Monitoring; Diagnosis
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