2019年10月贵州省疾病预防控制中心收到1例输入性疟疾病例报告。该患者于2018年4月至2019年10月在科特迪瓦从事户外广告工作,除蚊香外未采取其他防蚊措施,期间曾感染疟原虫2次。患者入院时意识呈昏睡状,全身皮肤及巩膜黄染,呼吸稍急促,伴脑损害、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、休克、严重贫血、酸中毒等多种症状。实验室检查、疟原虫抗原检测均呈阳性,血涂片检测发现恶性疟环状体、滋养体、裂殖体和配子体,巢式PCR可扩增出恶性疟条带。结合流行病学史和实验室检测结果,判定为恶性疟原虫单一感染。给予患者规范抗疟治疗,并全程监测原虫密度,药物效果显著。治愈出院后随访无不适。

In October 2019, Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention received a report of one imported case of malaria. The patient worked in the outdoor advertising business in Coate d’Ivoire from April 2018 to October 2019. No other anti-mosquito measures were taken except for mosquito coil incense. During this period, the patient was infected with malaria twice. On admission, the patient was in coma with jaundice, shortness of breath and brain damage, ARDS, shock, severe anemia, acidosis, and other complications. Plasmodium antigen tests were positive. Ring forms, trophozoites, merozoites and gametocytes were found in blood smears. Nested PCR showed positive for Plasmodium falciparum bands. P. falciparum malaria diagnosis was made based on the epidemiological history and laboratory test results. Standard antimalarial treatment was given to the patient, and the parasitemia was monitored. Administration of the anti-malarial drugs was effective. The patient did not report any symptoms over the follow-up period.