收稿日期: 2021-04-28
修回日期: 2021-07-31
网络出版日期: 2021-12-05
基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31672546);国家自然科学基金面上项目(32072891)
Advances in research of structure, function and regulatory mechanism of Toxoplasma gondii conoid
Received date: 2021-04-28
Revised date: 2021-07-31
Online published: 2021-12-05
Supported by
General Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672546);General Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072891)
张小涵 , 冯颖 , 陈冉 , 桑晓宇 , 杨娜 . 弓形虫类锥体结构、功能及调控机制的研究进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2021 , 39(6) : 832 -835 . DOI: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2021.06.016
The apical complex is the typical structure of phylum Apicomplexa which consists secretory organelles and cytoskeletal elements, of which a marked feature is the conoid formed by tubulin fibers. Toxoplasma gondii has a relatively intact conoid, thus, it provides a successful model for analyzing the structure, composition and function of conoid. The stability and relevant activities of conoid are closely related to gliding motility and microneme secretion in of Toxoplasma, and are critical for host cell invasion. In this paper, the structure stability, protein function and regulatory mechanism of conoid are reviewed.
Key words： Toxoplasma gondii; Conoid; Gliding motility; Invasion; Calcium regulation
| [1] | Attias M, Teixeira DE, Benchimol M, et al. The life-cycle of Toxoplasma gondii reviewed using animations[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2020, 13(1): 588. |
| [2] | Dos Santos Pacheco N, Tosetti N, Koreny L, et al. Evolution, composition, assembly, and function of the conoid in apicomplexa[J]. Trends Parasitol, 2020, 36(8): 688-704. |
| [3] | Leung JM, He Y, Zhang F, et al. Stability and function of a putative microtubule-organizing center in the human parasite Toxoplasma gondii[J]. Mol Biol Cell, 2017, 28(10): 1361-1378. |
| [4] | Hu K, Roos DS, Murray JM. A novel polymer of tubulin forms the conoid of Toxoplasma gondii[J]. J Cell Biol, 2002, 156(6): 1039-1050. |
| [5] | Katris NJ, van Dooren GG, McMillan PJ, et al. The apical complex provides a regulated gateway for secretion of invasion factors in Toxoplasma[J]. PLoS Pathog, 2014, 10(4): e1004074. |
| [6] | Hu K, Johnson J, Florens L, et al. Cytoskeletal components of an invasion machine: the apical complex of Toxoplasma gondii[J]. PLoS Pathog, 2006, 2(2): e13. |
| [7] | Harding CR, Gow M, Kang JH, et al. Alveolar proteins stabilize cortical microtubules in Toxoplasma gondii[J]. Nat Commun, 2019, 10(1): 401. |
| [8] | Tosetti N, Dos Santos Pacheco N, Bertiaux E, et al. Essential function of the alveolin network in the subpellicular microtubules and conoid assembly in Toxoplasma gondii[J]. Elife, 2020, 9: e56635. |
| [9] | Back PS, O’Shaughnessy WJ, Moon AS, et al. Ancient MAPK ERK7 is regulated by an unusual inhibitory scaffold required for Toxoplasma apical complex biogenesis[J]. PNAS, 2020, 117(22): 12164-12173. |
| [10] | Nagayasu E, Hwang YC, Liu J, et al. Loss of a doublecortin (DCX)-domain protein causes structural defects in a tubulin-based organelle of Toxoplasma gondii and impairs host-cell invasion[J]. Mol Biol Cell, 2017, 28(3): 411-428. |
| [11] | Leung JM, Nagayasu E, Hwang YC, et al. A doublecortin-domain protein of Toxoplasma and its orthologues bind to and modify the structure and organization of tubulin polymers[J]. BMC Mol Cell Biol, 2020, 21(1): 8. |
| [12] | Long S, Anthony B, Drewry LL, et al. A conserved ankyrin repeat-containing protein regulates conoid stability, motility and cell invasion in Toxoplasma gondii[J]. Nat Commun, 2017, 8(1): 2236. |
| [13] | Zhang XH, Ding YY, Ma ZC, et al. Progress on molecular mechanism of Toxoplasma gondii invasion into host cells[J]. Prog Vet Med, 2021, 42(7): 86-90. (in Chinese) |
| [13] | (张小涵, 丁莹莹, 马知川, 等. 弓形虫入侵宿主分子机制研究进展[J]. 动物医学进展, 2021, 42(7): 86-90.) |
| [14] | Li RH, Yin GR. Research advances on gliding-associated proteins of Toxoplasma gondii[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2016, 34(5): 463-467. (in Chinese) |
| [14] | (李润花, 殷国荣. 刚地弓形虫滑行相关蛋白的研究进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2016, 34(5): 463-467.) |
| [15] | Graindorge A, Frénal K, Jacot D, et al. The conoid associated motor MyoH is indispensable for Toxoplasma gondii entry and exit from host cells[J]. PLoS Pathog, 2016, 12(1): e1005388. |
| [16] | Polonais V, Javier Foth B, Chinthalapudi K, et al. Unusual anchor of a motor complex (MyoD-MLC2) to the plasma membrane of Toxoplasma gondii[J]. Traffic, 2011, 12(3): 287-300. |
| [17] | Yan AX, Zou Y, Li JJ, et al. Research advance on molecular mechanism of gliding motility, invasion and egress in Apicomplexa[J]. China Trop Med, 2018, 18(9): 950-954. (in Chinese) |
| [17] | (闫爱霞, 邹洋, 李晶晶, 等. 顶复门原虫运动、入侵和逸出相关分子机制研究进展[J]. 中国热带医学, 2018, 18(9): 950-954.) |
| [18] | Jacot D, Tosetti N, Pires I, et al. An apicomplexan actin-binding protein serves as a connector and lipid sensor to coordinate motility and invasion[J]. Cell Host Microbe, 2016, 20(6): 731-743. |
| [19] | Tosetti N, Dos Santos Pacheco N, Soldati-Favre D, et al. Three F-actin assembly centers regulate organelle inheritance, cell-cell communication and motility in Toxoplasma gondii[J]. Elife, 2019, 8: e42669. |
| [20] | Sivagurunathan S, Heaslip A, Liu J, et al. Identification of functional modules of AKMT, a novel lysine methyltransferase regulating the motility of Toxoplasma gondii[J]. Mol Biochem Parasitol, 2013, 189(1/2): 43-53. |
| [21] | Del Carmen MG, Mondragón M, González S, et al. Induction and regulation of conoid extrusion in Toxoplasma gondii[J]. Cell Microbiol, 2009, 11(6): 967-982. |
| [22] | Monteiro VG, de Melo EJT, Attias M, et al. Morphological changes during conoid extrusion in Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites treated with calcium ionophore[J]. J Struct Biol, 2001, 136(3): 181-189. |
| [23] | Garcia CRS, Alves E, Pereira PHS, et al. InsP3 signaling in apicomplexan parasites[J]. Curr Top Med Chem, 2017, 17(19): 2158-2165. |
| [24] | Munera López J, Ganuza A, Bogado SS, et al. Evaluation of ATM kinase inhibitor KU-55933 as potential anti-Toxoplasma gondii agent[J]. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2019, 9: 26. |
| [25] | Hortua Triana MA, Márquez-Nogueras KM, Vella SA, et al. Calcium signaling and the lytic cycle of the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res, 2018, 1865(11 pt b): 1846-1856. |
| [26] | O’Shaughnessy WJ, Hu X, Beraki T, et al. Loss of a conserved MAPK causes catastrophic failure in assembly of a specialized Cilium-like structure in Toxoplasma gondii[J]. Mol Biol Cell, 2020, 31(9): 881-888. |
| [27] | Carey KL, Westwood NJ, Mitchison TJ, et al. A small-molecule approach to studying invasive mechanisms of Toxoplasma gondii[J]. PNAS, 2004, 101(19): 7433-7438. |
| [28] | Zhao X, Zhang T, Zhang YW, et al. Research progress on calcium-binding protein in Toxoplasma gondii[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2018, 36(5): 525-528. (in Chinese) |
| [28] | (赵旭, 张婷, 张义伟, 等. 弓形虫钙离子结合蛋白的研究进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2018, 36(5): 525-528.) |
| [29] | Long S, Wang Q, Sibley LD. Analysis of noncanonical calcium-dependent protein kinases in Toxoplasma gondii by targeted gene deletion using CRISPR/Cas9[J]. Infect Immun, 2016, 84(5): 1262-1273. |
| [30] | Long SJ, Brown KM, Drewry LL, et al. Calmodulin-like proteins localized to the conoid regulate motility and cell invasion by Toxoplasma gondii[J]. PLoS Pathog, 2017, 13(5): e1006379. |
| [31] | Gao Q, Zhang NZ, Hu LY, et al. Cloning and sequence analysis of C-terminal of Toxoplasma gondii DOC2 gene[J]. China Animal Husb Vet Med, 2014, 41(8): 56-60. (in Chinese) |
| [31] | (高琦, 张念章, 胡玲英, 等. 弓形虫DOC2基因C-端的克隆及序列分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2014, 41(8): 56-60.) |
| [32] | Coleman BI, Saha S, Sato S, et al. A member of the ferlin calcium sensor family is essential for Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry secretion[J]. mBio, 2018, 9(5): e01510-18. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |