目的 了解2011—2019年河北省疟疾流行病学特征,为河北省疟疾消除后输入性疟疾的监测与防治提供科学依据。 方法 通过国家传染病报告信息管理系统和寄生虫病防治信息管理系统收集2011—2019年河北省疟疾疫情资料及疟疾病例个案调查资料,采用描述性流行病学方法对疟疾疫情特征进行分析。 结果 2011—2019年河北省共报告疟疾病例611例,无本地和境内其他省份输入病例,全部为境外输入病例,无输入继发病例发生。其中自非洲34个国家输入571例（93.5%,571/611）,以恶性疟为主（75.0%,428/571）,输入病例数居前3位的国家是安哥拉（104例）、尼日利亚（76例）、赤道几内亚（60例）;自亚洲6个国家输入34例（5.6%,34/611）,以间日疟为主（70.6%,24/34）,输入病例数居前3位的国家是巴基斯坦（14例）、缅甸（12例）、柬埔寨（4例）;此外,自大洋洲输入3例,自南美洲输入2例。报告病例分布在全省11个地市的129个县（市、区）,病例数居前4位的分别为保定市160例（26.2%）、石家庄市121例（19.8%）、邯郸市89例（14.6%）、衡水市58例（9.5%）,占全省报告输入疟疾病例总数的70.0%（428/611）。输入病例以男性为主,为598例,女性13例;以20~49岁年龄段为主,病例数占86.1%（526/611）;职业以农民为主（282例,46.2%）,其次为民工/工人（163例,26.7%）。2011—2019年共报告疟疾死亡病例5例。9年间分别有43.9%（268/611）、20.9%（128/611）、6.5%（40/611）的患者就诊于石家庄、北京、邯郸等3个地区,占输入病例总数的71.4%（436/611）。2016年以后,山东省德州市报告的现住址隶属河北省的疟疾病例明显增多,其中84.4%（27/32）的患者现住址为衡水市故城县。病例从发病到确诊的时间间隔均数为5.4 d,中位数为3.4 d,最短的为0 d,最长的为70 d,其中3 d以内的占50.2%（307例）,4~10 d的占38.0%（232例）,10 d以上的占11.8%（72例）。2011—2019年不同年份间发病3 d内的确诊率差异有统计学意义（χ² = 30.902,P < 0.01）,发病10 d内的确诊率差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。 结论 2011—2019年河北省报告的疟疾病例均为境外输入病例,无输入继发病例发生。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Hebei Province from 2011 to 2019, and to provide a scientific basis for the surveillance and control of imported malaria after malaria elimination in the province. Methods The malaria epidemic data and individual case information in Hebei Province from 2011 to 2019 were collected from National Infectious Disease Surveillance Reporting and Management System and Information Management System for the Prevention and Treatment of Parasitic Disease, based on which the characteristics of the malaria epidemic were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological method. The characteristics of the malaria epidemic were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods. Results A total of 611 malaria cases were reported in Hebei Province from 2011 to 2019, with no local cases and cases transmitted from other provinces. All reported cases were imported from abroad, and no case of imported secondary malaria was detected. Among these cases, 571 (93.5%, 571/611) were imported from 34 African countries, mainly falciparum malaria (75.0%, 428/571). The top three source countries of imported cases were Angola (104 cases), Nigeria (76 cases), and Equatorial Guinea (60 cases). Six Asian countries contributed 34 cases (5.6%, 34/611), and among these, vivax malaria was the predominant type (70.6%, 24/34). The top three Asian source countries were Pakistan (14 cases), Myanmar (12 cases), and Cambodia (4 cases). In addition, three cases were imported from Oceania and two from South America. The cases were distributed across 129 counties (cities and districts) in 11 districts of the province, of which the highest number of imported cases were reported from the cities of Baoding (160 cases, 26.2%), Shijiazhuang (121 cases, 19.8%), Handan (89 cases, 14.6%) and Hengshui (58 cases, 9.5%), which accounted for 70.0% (428/611) of the total cases in the province. The imported cases were mainly male (598 cases), while only 13 female cases; mostly in the group aged 20-49 years, accounting for 86.1% (526/611); the majority (282 cases, 46.2%) were farmers, followed by migrant workers or workers (163 cases, 26.7%). Five deaths from malaria were reported from 2011 to 2019. During the nine years, 43.9% (268/611), 20.9% (128/611), and 6.5% (40/611) of patients visited three districts of Shijiazhuang, Beijing and Handan for medical care, respectively, which accounted for 71.4% (436/611) of the total cases. Since 2016, there has been a significant increase in malaria cases reported in Dezhou City, Shandong Province, where 84.4% (27/32) of patients were in Gucheng County, Hengshui City. The mean time period from onset to diagnosis was 5.4 days, with a median of 3.4 days. The shortest period was 0 days and the longest 70 days, among them the time period was ≤ 3 days in 307 patients (50.2%), 4-10 days in 232 patients (38.0%), and > 10 days in 72 patients (11.8%). There was a significant difference between years in the rate of confirmed diagnosis within 3 days from onset(χ² = 30.902, P < 0.01), but no significant difference in the rate of confirmed diagnosis within 10 days from onset(P > 0.05). Conclusion All cases of malaria reported in Hebei Province from 2011 to 2019 were imported from abroad, and no imported secondary malaria was reported.