收稿日期: 2021-03-08
修回日期: 2021-03-29
网络出版日期: 2021-11-10
基金资助
湖北省自然科学基金(2020CFB130);湖北省卫生健康委员会科研项目(WJ2021Q047)
Surveillance of malaria-transmitting vectors in Hubei Province from 2018 to 2020
Received date: 2021-03-08
Revised date: 2021-03-29
Online published: 2021-11-10
Supported by
Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project(2020CFB130);Scientific Research Project of Hubei Provincial Health Commission(WJ2021Q047)
目的 对湖北省传疟媒介按蚊的种群分布、密度、季节消长及夜间活动规律等进行监测,为消除疟疾后阶段输入性疟疾防控策略的制定提供参考。 方法 于2018—2020年每年7—9月在湖北省枣阳市的3个村（刘升镇刘湾村2组、琚湾镇琚庄村3组和七方镇文庄村1组）开展按蚊种群监测,于室内（人房或牲畜棚）、室外（靠近水稻田）各选取2个调查场所开展1次按蚊种群监测,采用灯诱法（19 ∶ 00至次日7 ∶ 00）捕蚊,连续监测3 d。2018—2020年,另选择恩施市舞阳坝乡、丹江口市六里坪乡、枣阳市七方镇、武穴市石佛寺乡、江陵县白马寺镇和京山市孙桥镇等6个监测点,每年5—10月的上旬和下旬各开展1次按蚊密度监测,在监测点的居民区和蚊媒孳生地之间采用人诱法（19 ∶ 00至次日7 ∶ 00）捕蚊。捕获的所有按蚊冷冻处死后进行形态学鉴定。分析按蚊密度的季节消长趋势,夜间不同时间段按蚊密度的规律,以及人房、牲畜棚和室外等不同场所按蚊种群构成差异。按蚊密度的比较采用方差分析,按蚊种群构成的比较采用χ2检验。 结果 种群监测结果显示,2018—2020年灯诱法共捕获蚊虫4 277只,其中中华按蚊819只（19.15%）,淡色库蚊3 440只（80.43%）,骚扰阿蚊18只（0.42%）。牲畜棚捕获蚊虫3 502只,其中中华按蚊677只（19.33%）,淡色库蚊2 813只（80.33%）,骚扰阿蚊12只（0.34%）。室外捕获蚊虫总数503只,其中中华按蚊106只（21.07%）,淡色库蚊393只（78.13%）,骚扰阿蚊4只（0.80%）。人房捕获蚊虫总数272只（2020年未进行人房按蚊监测）,其中中华按蚊36只（13.24%）,淡色库蚊234只（86.03%）,骚扰阿蚊2只（0.74%）。2018—2020年各年度人房、牲畜棚和室外等不同捕蚊场所按蚊种群构成差异均无统计学意义（χ2 = 23.500、36.000、18.000,P > 0.05）。按蚊密度监测结果显示,2018—2020年,湖北省6个监测点共捕获中华蚊虫8 426只,未发现雷氏按蚊及其他按蚊。人诱法捕获中华按蚊数量最多的地区为江陵县,3年共捕获中华按蚊4 671只;最少的为丹江口市,3年共捕获0只。2018—2020年,中华按蚊平均密度高峰分别出现在8月上旬（2018年）和7月下旬（2019、2020年）,分别为15.91、13.93、6.91只/（人·h）,三者差异无统计学意义（F = 0.347,P > 0.05）。6个监测点中,江陵县监测点的按蚊密度最高,其次为武穴市,按蚊密度分别为10.81和6.71只/（人·h）。不同监测点按蚊密度差异有统计学意义（F = 5.962,P < 0.05）。湖北省中华按蚊夜间活动高峰出现在晚上19 ∶ 00—21 ∶ 00。 结论 湖北省传疟媒介中华按蚊持续存在,仍有潜在的疟疾传播风险,应继续开展持续、规范的监测工作,进一步加强媒介控制工作。
万伦 , 张华勋 , 李凯杰 , 张聪 , 曹慕民 , 吴冬妮 , 张娟 , 林文 , 刘斯 , 朱红 , 夏菁 . 2018—2020年湖北省传疟媒介监测分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2021 , 39(5) : 592 -597 . DOI: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2021.05.005
Objective To analyze the state of surveillance of malaria-transmitting vector Anopheles on its population distribution, density, seasonal change, and regular pattern night activity in Hubei Province from 2018 to 2020, so as to provide reference to formulate control strategies for imported malaria during the malaria post-elimination stage. Methods In July—September of each year from 2018 to 2020, the surveillance on Anopheles population was conducted in three villages of Hubei Zaoyang City (residence group 2 of Liuwan Village/Liusheng Town, group 3 of Juzhuang Village/Juwan Town and group 1 of Wenzhuang Village/Qifang Town), thereby, two surveillance sites were selected from each place of indoors (human house or livestock barn) and outdoors (near rice field) in each village for the surveillance once a year, using lamp trapping method for catching mosquito (from 19 ∶ 00 to 7 ∶ 00) for 3 consecutive days. From 2018 to 2020, additional six surveillance sites (Wuyangba Township in Enshi City, Liuliping Township in Dangjiangkou City, Qifang Town in Zaoyang City, Shifosi Township in Wuxue City, Baimasi Town in Jiangling County and Sunqiao Town in Jingshan City) were selected for surveillance of mosquito density in early and late months of May to October once each year, applying human trapping method for catching mosquito (from 9 ∶ 00 to 7 ∶ 00) in residential areas and mosquito breeding sites. The trend of seasonal fluctuation of Anopheles density, the density change pattern in different night times, and the differences in population composition of Anopheles mosquitoes in households, livestock barns and other outdoor places were analyzed. The density of Anopheles mosquitoes was compared with analysis of variance. The population composition of Anopheles mosquitoes was compared with χ2 test. Results From 2018 to 2020, the surveillance on mosquito population indicated a total of 4 277 mosquitoes captured with the lamp trapping method: 819 Anopheles sinensis (19.15%), 3 440 Culex pipiens pallens (80.43%) and 18 Armigeres subalbatus (0.42%). A total of 3 502 mosquitoes were captured in livestock barn: 677 An. sinensis (19.33%), 2 813 C. pipiens pallens (80.33%) and 12 A. subalbatus (0.34%). A total of 503 mosquitoes were captured outdoor: 106 An. sinensis (21.07%), 393 C. pipiens pallens (78.13%) and 4 A. subalbatus (0.80%). A total of 272 mosquitoes were captured in human house (monitoring of Anopheles mosquitoes in human house was not performed in 2020): 36 An. sinensis (13.24%), 234 C. pipiens pallens (86.03%) and 2 A. subalbatus (0.74%). No significant differences in the population composition of Anopheles mosquitoes among households, livestock barn and outdoor locations was found in each year (χ2 = 23.500, 36.000, 18.000; P > 0.05). A total of 8 426 An. sinensis were captured with the human trapping method in six surveillance sites from 2018 to 2020, and no An. lesteri was found. Among six surveillance sites, the number of An. sinensis captured with the human trapping method in Jiangling County was largest (4 671 mosquitoes), whereas that in Danjiangkou City was the smallest (zero mosquitoes). The average density peak of An. sinensis occurred in early August (2018) and late July (2019 and 2020), reaching 15.91, 13.93 and 6.91 mosquitoes/(person·h) from 2018 to 2020, respectively (F = 0.347, P > 0.05). Among the 6 surveillance sites, the density of Anopheles mosquitoes in Jiangling County was highest [10.81 mosquitoes/(person·h)] and was followed by Wuxue City [6.71 mosquitoes/(person·h)]. Significant differences in the density of Anopheles mosquitoes was found among different surveillance sites (F = 5.962, P < 0.05). The night activity peak of An. sinensis was from 19 ∶ 00 to 21 ∶ 00. Conclusions An. sinensis was persistently present in Hubei Province, indicating of potential malaria transmission risk remains. Therefore, sustained standard surveillance should be continued, and the transmission vector control be further strengthened.
Key words： Malaria; Anopheles mosquitoes; Surveillance; Hubei Province
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