为了解云南省人群蛔虫感染现状,于2015年按照《全国人体重点寄生虫病现状调查方案》和实施细则要求,采用分层整群随机抽样的方法从全省抽取10个县（市）共20个调查点,每个调查点不少于250人,调查对象为1岁及以上本地常住人口,收集受检者粪样,采用改良加藤厚涂片法镜检虫卵（一粪二检）。共粪检5 067份样品,蛔虫感染阳性381份,感染检出率为7.5%。其中未受精蛔虫卵、受精蛔虫卵和混合感染者分别占42.5%（162/381）、39.4%（150/381）、18.1%（69/381）。感染度为轻、中和重度的分别占68.0%（259/381）、29.1%（111/381）、2.9%（11/381）。生态区分布以藏东-川西生态区最高（16.6%,211/1 271）,其中贡山县感染检出率最高（26.2%,200/762）,10个县（市）均发现感染者,不同生态区以及各县之间感染检出率差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。女性感染检出率（8.2%,218/2 645）高于男性（6.7%,163/2 422）(P > 0.05)。各年龄组均有感染者,其中小于10岁组的感染检出率最高（18.1%,119/657）（P < 0.01）。民族以独龙族感染检出率最高（48.9%,131/268）（P < 0.01）。教师感染检出率为（2/6）,学龄前儿童感染检出率为（21.4%,93/435）。文化程度以文盲感染检出率最高（13.1%,177/1 347）（P < 0.01）。不同年龄组、民族、职业之间感染检出率之间差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。云南省蛔虫感染存在区域差异,局部地区感染检出率和感染度偏高。

To understand and analyze the infection status of Ascaris lumbricoides in Yunnan Province, a cross-sectional survey was conducted according to the National Survey Program and Implementation Details of Key Parasitic Diseases in 2015. Twenty sites of 10 counties (cities) were selected using the stratified cluster sampling method and stool samples were collected from no less than 250 permanent residents (≥ 1 year old) per site for microscopical examination using modified Kato-Katz thick smear method (two-reading/sample). A total of 5 067 participants were enrolled and 381 of them were infected with A. lumbricoides, with an overall prevalence of 7.5%. Among the 381 residents, the proportions of infection with unfertilized Ascaris eggs, fertilized Ascaris eggs and a mixture of both were 42.5%, 39.4% and 18.1%, respectively. The proportions of mild, moderate and heavy infections were 68.0%, 29.1% and 2.9%, respectively. Different detection rates were observed among different ecological regions, i.e., the eastern Tibet-western Sichuan region had the highest detection rate (16.6%, 211/1 271), in which the Gongshan County had the highest rate (26.2%, 200/762), and Ascaris infection was detected in all 10 counties of this region. There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate among different ecological regions and counties (P < 0.01). The detection rate in females (8.2%, 218/2 645) was higher than that in males (6.7%, 163/2 422) (P > 0.05). All age groups were found with Ascaris infection, but the highest detection rate was found in children under 10 years (18.1%, 119/657) (P < 0.01). The Dulong ethnicity had the highest detection rate (48.9%, 131/268) among ethnic groups (P < 0.01). Teachers had an detection rate of (2/6), while the pre-school children had an infection rate of 21.4% (93/435). Among the examinees with different educational levels, the illiterate had the highest detection rate (13.1%, 177/1347) (P < 0.01). The detection rate of Ascaris lumbricoides in Yunnan Province showed significant differences with regard to age, ethnicity, occupation, and educational level (P < 0.01). Overall, the detection rate showed a differential distribution among regions, with particularly high rate and infection intensity in some areas.