目的 了解青海省玛沁县人群棘球蚴病患病情况及棘球蚴病防治知识知晓情况。方法 2017-2018年在玛沁县6个乡和2个镇采用整群随机抽样的方法对2岁以上常住居民进行B超检查,计算人群棘球蚴病检出率;对四年级以上的小学生和当地居民随机开展现场问卷调查,计算人群棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率。率的比较采用卡方检验。结果 B超检查共36 705人,检出患者433例,检出率为1.18%（433/36 705）;2017年、2018年分别发放问卷485份和436份,棘球蚴病知晓率分别为89.69%（435/485）和91.74%（400/436）。女性棘球蚴病检出率为1.58%（280/17 746）,高于男性的0.81%（153/18 959）（P < 0.01）。人群棘球蚴病检出率随年龄段增高而增加,≥70岁人群的检出率为2.63%（38/1 446）。各职业人群中以牧民检出率最高,为2.56%（406/15 831）;干部检出率最低,为0.06%（4/6 844）。不同文化程度以文盲人群棘球蚴病检出率最高,为3.15%（235/7 466）;大学文化人群棘球蚴病检出率最低,为0.03%（2/5 995）。居住方式中以游牧人群棘球蚴病检出率最高,为4.67%（107/2 290）。不同地区中,以优云乡人群棘球蚴病检出率最高,为7.67%（95/1 238）。不同性别、年龄组、职业、文化程度、居住方式及地区间人群棘球蚴病检出率的差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。两年人群棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率分析结果显示,不同职业人群中以牧民知晓率最低,分别为66.33%（65/98）和79.34%（96/121）;干部知晓率最高,分别为98.89%（89/90）和98.77%（80/81）。不同文化程度中以小学知晓率最低,分别为78.77%（141/179）和86.08%（167/194）;本科知晓率最高,分别为98.80%（90/91）和98.77%（80/81）。不同职业、文化程度间人群棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率的差异均具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 玛沁县棘球蚴病防治形势依然严峻,人群患病检出率为1.18%,人群棘球蚴病防治知晓率虽有所提高,但在今后的防治过程中仍需以牧民为重点防治人群,加大宣传教育力度。

Objective To understand the status of infection and knowledge of human echinococcosis prevention in Maqin County of Qinghai Province. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to select permanent residents at age over 2 years from 6 townships and 2 towns in Maqin County for B-ultrasound examination during 2017-2018 to calculate the prevalence rate of echinococcosis in the population. A questionnaire survey was performed randomly among local residents and schoolchildren of fourth grade and higher to estimate the awareness rate of knowledge on echinococcosis control. The estimated rates were compared using Chi-square test. Results A total of 36 705 residents were examined by B ultrasound scanning, and 433 were found of echinococcosis, with a prevalence rate of 1.18% (433/36 705). In 2017 and 2018, 485 and 436 questionnaires were distributed, respectively, which revealed awareness rate of echinococcosis knowledge of 89.69% and 91.74%, respectively. The prevalence of echinococcosis in females (1.58%, 280/17 746) was higher than that in males (0.81%, 153/18 959) (P < 0.01). The prevalence showed a trend of increase with age, with the age group of ≥70 years being the highest (2.63%, 38/1 446). Among all occupation groups, the prevalence rate was highest (2.56%) in herdsmen, and lowest (0.06%) in officials. Among educational levels, the echinococcosis prevalence was highest (3.15%, 235/7 466) in the illiterates, followed by the primary school level (1.30%, 183/14 033), and the lowest in group with the university education (0.03%, 2/5 995). As to the residing patterns, the nomads had the highest prevalence of echinococcosis (4.67%, 107/2 290). The prevalence was found highest in Youyun Township (7.67%, 95/1 238). It was noted that the prevalence difference between males and females, age groups, occupations, educational levels, residing patterns and geographical locations was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In 2017 and 2018, the knowledge awareness rate of echinococcosis prevention and control was lowest in herdsmen (66.33%, 65/98; 79.34%, 96/121), and highest in officials (98.89%, 89/90; 98.77%, 80/81) among the occupations; and lowest in the education group of primary school (78.77%, 141/179; 86.08%, 167/194), and highest in the undergraduates (98.80%, 90/91; 98.77%, 80/81). There were significant differences in the awareness rate of knowledge of echinococcosis prevention and control among different occupations and education levels (P < 0.05). Conclusion The situation of echinococcosis control in Maqin County is still challenging, showing a prevalence rate of 1.18%. Although the knowledge awareness rate on echinococcosis has been improved, it is essential to strengthen health education, particularly for the key target population of herdsmen.