按全国第三次重点寄生虫病现状调查要求,福建省于2015-2017年,以生态区为基础,根据当地经济条件和地理方位将全省的县（市）分为东、西、南、北、中5个片区方位进行分层整群随机抽样,每个片区抽取1~2所幼儿园,采用透明胶纸肛拭法,检查3~6岁儿童蛲虫感染情况。结果共调查15个县（市）区3 472名儿童,检出蛲虫感染205例,感染率为5.90%,较第一、第二次寄调分别下降87.38%、73.21%。男童蛲虫感染率为7.24%（128/1 769）,高于女童的4.52%（77/1 703）（P < 0.05）,且随年龄增加呈现上升趋势,以6岁年龄组感染率最高为7.39%（95/1 285）,各年龄组感染率差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。经济条件发达县的儿童蛲虫感染率为4.27%（86/2 016）,低于中等水平县的7.22%（52/720）和不发达县的9.10%（67/736）（P < 0.05）。浙、闽山地丘陵生态区的儿童蛲虫感染率为4.48%（58/1 294）,低于滇、桂、粤中部、闽南山地丘陵生态区的6.75%（147/2 178）（P < 0.05）。公立幼儿园儿童蛲虫感染率为4.40%(59/1 340),低于私立幼儿园的6.85%（146/2 132）（P < 0.05）。蛲虫感染率以漳州市最高,为15.59%（63/404）,厦门市最低,为2.51%（10/398）。提示福建省儿童蛲虫感染率较第二次调查有显著下降,仍需加强监测与防控工作。

According to the scheme of the 3rd National Survey of Principal Human Parasitic Diseases, a survey on Enterobius vermicularis infection among children was performed in Fujian Province in 2015-2017. Based on the ecological category, economic condition and geographical location of the region, all counties (cities) were listed into the east, south, west, north and middle regions of the province respectively, for stratified cluster random-sampling. One to two kindergartens were selected from each region, and E. vermicularis infection was examined in children aged 3-6 years by using the adhesive cellophane anal swab. A total of 3 472 children in 15 counties (cities) were examined, and 205 children were found having E. vermicularis infection, with an infection rate of 5.90%, which was decreased by 87.38% and 73.21% as compared to the first and second surveys, respectively. The prevalence of E. vermicularis was 7.24% (128/1 769) in boys, higher than that in girls (4.52%, 77/1 703) (P < 0.05), and the prevalence showed a trend of increasing with age. The infection rate was highest in the age group of 6 years (7.39%, 95/1 285), and the difference between all age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The infection rate in the economically advanced regions was 4.27% (86/2 016), significantly lower than those in the medium- (7.22%, 52/720) and less-developed regions (9.10%, 67/736). The infection rate in the Zhejiang-Fujian mountainous and hilly ecological regions was 4.48% (58/1 294), significantly lower than that in the Yunnan-Guangxi-central Guangdong-southern Fujian mountainous and hilly ecological regions (6.75%, 147/2 178). The infection rate was significantly lower in public (4.40%, 59/1 340) than in private kindergartens (6.85%, 146/2 132) (P < 0.05). The infection rate of E. vermicularis was highest in Zhangzhou City (15.59%, 63/404) and lowest in Xiamen City (2.51%, 10/398). The results suggest that the infection rate of E. vermicularis was significantly decreased compared to the second survey, but there still need to strengthen the surveillance and control of E. vermicularis infection.