黄果茄杀灭钉螺有效成分的分离提纯及其效果观察

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2005, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 4-208.

黄果茄杀灭钉螺有效成分的分离提纯及其效果观察

李洲¹,程溪¹,王春静¹,李桂玲²,夏淑贞²,魏凤华³

1 华中科技大学同济医学院,武汉 430032; 2 华中科技大学同济医学院医学化学系,武汉 430032; 3 湖北省血吸虫病防治研究所,武汉 430079

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2005-08-30 发布日期:2005-08-30

Purification of the Effective Component from Solanum xanthocarpum and its Effect against Oncomelania Snails

LI Zhou¹,CHENG Xi¹,WANG Chun-jing¹,LI Gui-ling²,XIA Shu-zhen²,WEI Feng-hua³

1 Tongji Medical College,Huazhong university of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430032,China

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2005-08-30 Published:2005-08-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分离提纯黄果茄果实灭螺的有效成分,观察灭螺效果,并确定其分子结构。方法将黄果茄果实去蒂去籽后干燥粉碎,用95%乙醇提取并浓缩,然后加乙酸乙酯处理,用薄层层析法(TLC)和柱层析法(CCL)对其进行分离,得到7种主要组份。采用“浸泡法”对其中4种含量较高的组分进行灭钉螺实验,确证Rf=0.58这一生物碱组分(A)为主要灭螺成分之一。选择最佳洗脱剂对灭螺效果最好组分A进行分离,得到A1及A2两组分。对A1,A2进行灭钉螺实验,比较其灭螺效果。电子轰击质谱测定有效成分分子量、核磁共振仪和红外光谱仪测定分子结构。结果黄果茄果实有效成分A(Rf=0.58)的灭螺效果较好,当投药量为2.50 mg/L,钉螺的死亡率为94.2%(28℃)。乙酸乙酯-氯仿-甲醇(11∶11∶35)系统对A的分离效果最好。灭螺对照实验发现:当A2投药量为0.20 mg/L,钉螺的死亡率为100.0%(28℃),其分子量为867,熔点为298～305℃。结论黄果茄有效成分提纯物A2为边缘茄碱(-αsolamarrgine),其对湖北钉螺有很好的杀灭效果。

关键词: 黄果茄, 杀软体动物药, 湖北钉螺

Abstract: Objective To extract and purify the active component from Solanum xanthocarpum for Oncomelania snail control, evaluate its effect against the snails and determine its chemical structure. Methods Pedicel and seed were moved and the remaining part of the Solanum xanthocarpum fruit was torrefied and ground into powder. The powder was soaked into 95% ethanol and extracted. The residue was treated by ethyl acetate. 7 components were separated by methods of thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography (CCL). 4 main components were observed for the effect of snail-killing by immersion method. An alkaloid with Rf=0.58, named as component A, was confirmed as one of the effective components for Oncomelania snail control. The component A was further purified and received A1 and A2 by proper elusion, and their effect was re-tested. The molecular weight and chemical structure of A2 were determined by MS, NMR and IR respectively. Results The death rate of Oncomelania snails was 94.2% when the concentration of component A was 2.50 mg/L(28 ℃). The flow liquid system (ethyl acetate: chloroform: methanol=11∶11∶35) applied was the best reagent for separating component A. The death rate of Oncomelania snails in solution of A2 (0.2 mg/L) was 100%(28 ℃).The molecular weight of A2 was 867 with an mp 298-305 ℃. Conclusion The effective agent (A2),one of the active components from the fruit of Solanum xanthocarpum, is α-solamarrgine which shows an excellent effect in killing Oncomela snails.

Key words: Solanum xanthocarpum, Molluscacides, Oncomelania hupensis

李洲;程溪;王春静;李桂玲;夏淑贞;魏凤华. 黄果茄杀灭钉螺有效成分的分离提纯及其效果观察[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2005, 23(4): 4-208.

LIZhou;CHENGXi;WANGChun-jing;LIGui-ling;XIAShu-zhen;WEIFeng-hua. Purification of the Effective Component from Solanum xanthocarpum and its Effect against Oncomelania Snails[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2005, 23(4): 4-208.

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