Epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Shaanxi Province from 2011 to 2020

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2022.04.006

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the malaria epidemiological characteristics and malaria case information in Shaanxi province from 2011 to 2020 to provide basis for the surveillance and prevention of re-transmission after malaria elimination. Methods Malaria surveillance data and individual case epidemiological survey data in 2011—2020 in Shaanxi Province were collected from the national infectious disease reporting information management system and parasitic disease prevention and control information management system, analyzing the infected species, source of infection, regional distribution, monthly distribution and diagnosis timeliness. The distribution of monthly case report was analyzed using the circular distribution method, and the onset-diagnosis time interval was determined using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results From 2011 to 2020, a total of 609 malaria cases were reported in Shaanxi Province, including 604 imported from abroad, four imported from other provinces in China (reported from 2011 to 2013, all from Yunnan Province), and one recurrent case (reported in Shangzhou District, Shangluo City in 2010, which recurred in 2011). The main sources of reported cases were Africa (559 cases, accounting for 91.79%) and Asia (45 cases, accounting for 7.39%). There were 447 cases of P. falciparum infection (accounting for 73.40%), 79 cases of P. vivax infection (accounting for 12.97%), 56 cases of P. ovale infection (accounting for 9.19%), 11 cases of P. malariae infection (accounting for 1.81%), and 16 cases of uncharacterized Plasmodium (accounting for 2.63%). The P. falciparum cases were mainly from Guinea (71 cases), Angola (70 cases) and Cameroon (43 cases). The P. vivax cases were mainly from Ethiopia (17 cases), Pakistan (9 cases) and Angola (7 cases). The P. ovale cases were mainly from Guinea (19 cases), Nigeria (8 cases) and Angola (7 cases). The P. malariae cases were mainly from Guinea (3 cases) and Angola (3 cases). From 2011 to 2020, malaria cases were reported every month, with more cases reported in January and July, accounting for 10.84% (66/609) and 9.69% (59/609) of the total cases, respectively. There was no central trend in the distribution of malaria reporting months in Shaanxi Province from 2011 to 2020 (Z = 0.754, P > 0.05). The Yanta District of Xi’an City had the most cases reported (230 cases), accounting for 37.77% of the total number of cases; the current address of the cases is the most in Hanbin District of Ankang City (72 cases), accounting for 11.82% of the total number of cases. From 2011 to 2020, the age of reported malaria cases was concentrated in 20-50 years old, accounting for 86.70% (529/609) of the total reported cases. The occupations are mainly farmers, workers and cadres, accounting for 38.92% (237/609), 19.21% (117/609) and 11.82% (72/609) of the total cases, respectively. The median time interval between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of malaria cases from 2011 to 2017 was 5 to 7 days, and then decreased to 3 days in 2020. There was a statistically significant difference in the time interval between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of malaria cases each year (χ² = 25.457, P < 0.05). Conclusion The malaria cases reported in Shaanxi Province from 2011 to 2020 were mainly imported from overseas, mostly from Africa, with the predominant infection species P. falciparum.

Key words: Malaria, Source of infection, Monitoring, Diagnosis

CLC Number:

R531.3

CAO Lei, MA Lin, ZHU Ni, ZHANG Yi, WANG An-li, WANG Shu, LI Xin-xin. Epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Shaanxi Province from 2011 to 2020[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY AND PARASITIC DISEASES, 2022, 40(4): 454-459.

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