中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 848-852.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2021.06.021

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

2015年云南省滇桂粤南部生态区人体重点寄生虫感染情况调查

蔡璇(), 杨亚明, 李奔福, 严信留, 彭佳, 字金荣, 吴方伟*()   

  1. 云南省寄生虫病防治所,普洱 665000
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-16 修回日期:2021-07-21 出版日期:2021-12-30 发布日期:2021-12-14
  • 通讯作者: 吴方伟
  • 作者简介:蔡璇(1991-),女,本科,医师,主要从事重点寄生虫病防治与研究工作。E-mail: yipdcx@163.com

Investigation on the prevalence of human parasitic infections in the ecoregion of southern part of Yunnan-Guangxi-Guangdong neighboring area, Yunnan Province in 2015

CAI Xuan(), YANG Ya-ming, LI Ben-fu, YAN Xin-liu, PENG Jia, ZI Jin-rong, WU Fang-wei*()   

  1. Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Pu’er 665000, China
  • Received:2021-04-16 Revised:2021-07-21 Online:2021-12-30 Published:2021-12-14
  • Contact: WU Fang-wei

摘要:

2015年按照《全国人体重点寄生虫病现状调查方案及实施细则》的要求,采用分层整群随机抽样的方法选取云南省滇桂粤南部生态区3个县(市)共5个调查点进行调查,每个调查点调查3周岁以上居民不少于250人。采用改良加藤厚涂片法(一粪二检)检测肠道蠕虫卵,试管滤纸培养法鉴别钩虫虫种,3~6岁儿童加做透明胶纸肛拭法检查蛲虫卵,采用生理盐水和碘液直接涂片法检测肠道原虫滋养体或包囊,采用SPSS 17.0统计学软件进行统计分析。结果显示,5个调查点共调查1 278人,人体肠道寄生虫感染者350例,总感染率为27.4%。共检出寄生虫10种,蠕虫、原虫各5种,其中土源性线虫感染者302例,感染率为23.6%;原虫感染者64例,感染率为5.0%。带绦虫感染者5例,感染率为0.4%。不同肠道寄生虫虫种间感染率差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 464.56,P < 0.01)。男性和女性肠道寄生虫感染率分别为26.5%(165/622)和28.2%(185/656),二者差异无统计学意义(χ2 = 0.45,P > 0.05)。不同性别人群肠道寄生虫、土源性线虫和肠道原虫感染间差异无统计学意义(χ2 = 0.450、0.510、0.001,P > 0.05)。不同民族、文化程度、年龄组间人群肠道寄生虫感染率最高的为苗族45.3%(115/254)、文盲组33.2%(92/277)和60~69岁年龄组42.4%(56/132)。不同民族、文化程度和年龄组间人群肠道寄生虫和土源性线虫感染率差异均有统计学意义(χ2 = 72.75、78.01,15.74、18.60,50.74、55.57,P < 0.01),肠道原虫感染率差异无统计学意义(χ2 = 5.54、1.93、12.78,P > 0.05)。土源性线虫感染主要以轻度感染为主,蛔虫、鞭虫和钩虫轻度感染者分别占66.7%(42/63)、98.3%(58/59)和96.8%(212/219)。3县均检出肠道寄生虫感染者,土源性线虫感染率最高为河口县32.0%(160/516)(χ2 = 32.38,P < 0.05)。肠道原虫感染率依次为麻栗坡县5.7%(29/505)、河口县4.7%(24/516)和盈江县4.3%(11/257),各调查县间差异无统计学意义(χ2 = 0.997,P > 0.05)。云南省滇桂粤南部生态区人群肠道寄生虫感染率尤高,钩虫感染率高,肠道原虫感染率低。

关键词: 云南, 滇桂粤南部生态区, 人体重点寄生虫, 调查

Abstract:

According to the guidelines of the Scheme and Implementation Guideline of Nationwide Survey on Human Major Parasitic Diseases in China, five survey sites were selected from 3 counties (city) in the ecological region of southern part of Yunnan-Guangxi-Guangdong (Y-Gx-Gd) neighboring area in Yunnan Province in 2015 using the stratified cluster random sampling method. At least 250 local residents at ages of over 3 years were surveyed in each survey site. Intestinal helminth eggs were examined using the modified Kato-Katz thick-smear method (two slide-reading/sample); hookworm species was identified using the tube filter paper culture technique; Enterobius vermicularis eggs were examined using additional the transparent adhesive tape method for children at ages of 3 to 6 years; and trophozoites or cysts of intestinal protozoa were detected using direct smear method with physiological saline-iodine. All data were processed using the statistical software SPSS version 17.0. A total of 1 278 residents in the five survey sites were examined, among them 350 were found positive of intestinal parasites infection, with an overall infection rate of 27.4%. Totally, 10 parasite species were identified, including 5 species of helminths and protozoa, respectively. Of the 350 positives, 302 were infected with soil-transmitted nematodes (infection rate 23.6%), 64 infected with protozoa (infection rate 5.0%) and 5 infected with Taenia (infection rate 0.4%). The difference of infection rate between different parasite species was statistically significant (χ2 = 464.56, P < 0.01). The infection rate of intestinal parasite was 26.5% (165/622) in men and 28.2% (185/656) in women, showing no significant difference between genders (χ2 = 0.450, P > 0.05). There was no significant difference of infection rate between intestinal parasite, soil-transmitted nematode, and intestinal protozoa in different genders (χ2 = 0.450, 0.510, 0.001, P > 0.05). The distribution of ethnicity, education levels and age groups in infection rate of intestinal parasite indicated that the highest was seen in the residents of Miao ethnicity (45.3%, 115/254), illiterate (33.2%, 92/277) and the age group of 6—69 years (42.4%, 56/132). Difference in infection rate of intestinal parasite and soil-transmitted nematode between different ethnicities, education levels and age groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 72.75 and 78.01, 15.74 and 18.60, 50.74 and 55.57, P < 0.01), but not significant in intestinal protozoa infection (χ2 = 5.54, 1.93 and 12.78, P > 0.05). Soil-transmitted nematode infection in the residents was largely mild, as such that the mild infection of Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm accounted for 66.7% (42/63), 98.3% (58/59) and 96.8% (212/219), respectively. Intestinal parasite infection was detected in all three counties, with the highest infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode found in Hekou County (32.0%, 160/516) (χ2 = 32.38, P < 0.05). The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode was 5.7% (29/505) in Malipo County, 4.7% (24/516) in Hekou County and 4.3% (11/257) in Yingjiang County, with no significant difference between the three counties surveyed (χ2 = 0.997, P > 0.05). The survey indicates that the infection rates of intestinal parasite and hook worm remain considerably high, while the infection rate of intestinal protozoa is low in the ecoregion of the southern part of Y-Gx-Gd neighboring area of Yunnan Province.

Key words: Yunnan Province, Ecological region of southern part of Yunnan-Guangxi-Guangdong neighboring area, Human major parasites, Survey

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