2021年全国疟疾疫情特征分析

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2022.02.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

收集整理寄生虫病防治信息管理系统中2021年全国31个省（直辖市、自治区,未包括台湾、香港和澳门地区）疟疾疫情数据资料,对疟疾疫情特征进行统计分析。2021年全国累计报告疟疾病例799例,较2020年（1 086例）减少了26.4%;其中境外输入性病例798例,长潜伏期三日疟病例1例（由广东省报告）,无本土原发蚊传疟疾病例报告;中国籍783例（占98.0%,783/799）,外国籍16例（占2.0%,16/799）;男、女性别比为14.4 ∶ 1,主要集中在30~49岁年龄组（占55.7%,445/799）;恶性疟390例（占48.8%,390/799）,间日疟182例（占22.8%,182/799）,卵形疟187例（占23.4%,187/799）,三日疟31例（占3.9%,31/799）,混合感染9例（占1.1%,9/799）。31个省（直辖市、自治区）均有病例报告,报告病例数位居前5位的省份依次为广东、云南、上海、四川和浙江,合计报告疟疾病例480例（占60.1%,480/799）。全国共报告疟疾死亡病例3例,分别由辽宁（1例）、浙江（1例）和广东（1例）上报,较2020年的6例减少了3例。我国已经连续5年无本土原发蚊传疟疾病例报告,应继续加强输入性疟疾和边境疟疾的监测,防止疟疾输入再传播的发生,以巩固消除疟疾成果。

关键词: 疟疾, 疫情特征, 中国

Abstract:

Malaria epidemic data in 31 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions (excluding Taiwan region, Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR) of China in 2021 were collected from the Information System for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control. The epidemiological characteristic of malaria cases was analyzed. In 2021, 799 malaria cases were reported in China, which was declined by 26.4% compared to that in 2020 (1 086). Of these cases, 798 imported cases and one long incubation case infected with Plasmodium malariae were identified, and no indigenous cases were reported. In addition, 783 cases were of Chinese nationality (98.0%, 783/799) and 16 cases were of foreign nationality (2.0%, 16/799). Most of the cases were within the age range of 30-49 years (55.7%, 445/799), with a male-to-female ratio of 14.4 ∶ 1. The reported cases included 390 cases of P. falciparum infection (48.8%, 390/799), 182 cases of P. vivax infection (22.8%, 182/799), 187 cases of P. ovale infection (23.4%, 187/799), 31 cases of P. malariae infection (3.9%, 31/799) and 9 cases with mixed-infection (1.1%, 9/799). The cases were reported from 31 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions, with the top 5 provinces of Guangdong, Yunnan, Shanghai, Sichuan and Zhejiang, from which 480 cases (60.1%, 480/799) were reported. Totally 3 deaths were reported from Liaoning (1 case), Zhejiang (1 case) and Guangdong (1 case) provinces, which was decreased by 3 cases compared to 6 deaths in 2020. Noticeably, there have been no reported cases of of indigenous mosquito-borne malaria in China for consecutive five years. Nevertheless, it is imperative to continuously strengthen the surveillance on imported malaria and border malaria to prevent malaria re-introduction and consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination in China.

Key words: Malaria, Epidemiological characteristics, China

中图分类号:

R531.3

张丽, 易博禹, 夏志贵, 尹建海. 2021年全国疟疾疫情特征分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2022, 40(2): 135-139.

ZHANG Li, YI Bo-yu, XIA Zhi-gui, YIN Jian-hai. Epidemiological characteristics of malaria in China, 2021[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2022, 40(2): 135-139.

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参考文献 12

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特征Characteristics	虫种分类 Species classification					合计Total
特征Characteristics	间日疟原虫 Plasmodium vivax	恶性疟原虫 P. falciparum	三日疟原虫 P. malariae	卵形疟原虫 P. ovale	混合感染 Mixed-infection	合计Total
国籍Nationality
中国籍Chinese	169	388	30	187	9	783
外国籍Foreigner	13	2	1	0	0	16
感染来源Infection source
境外输入病例Imported case from abroad	182	390	30	187	9	798
长潜伏期病例Case with long incubation	0	0	1	0	0	1
合计Total	182	390	31	187	9	799

洲 Continent	国家 Country	虫种分类 Species classification					合计 Total
洲 Continent	国家 Country	间日疟原虫 P. vivax	恶性疟原虫 P. falciparum	三日疟原虫 P. malariae	卵形疟原虫 P. ovale	混合感染 Mixed-infection	合计 Total
非洲Africa	33	36	388	29	185	9	647
亚洲Asia	3	145	2	1	1	0	149
大洋洲Oceania	1	1	0	0	1	0	2
合计Total	37	182	390	30	187	9	798

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