细粒棘球蚴病病原分类学与分子流行病学研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

细粒棘球蚴病是由棘球属内多个虫种的幼虫感染引起,呈全球性分布的常见人兽共患寄生虫病,严重危害人群和动物健康,影响流行区的社会和经济发展。本文从分类学与分子流行病学角度就细粒棘球蚴病致病原的分类、传播、宿主、分布等特征进行综述,以期为细粒棘球蚴病的病原学、分子遗传学、流行病学与防控策略研究提供参考。

关键词: 细粒棘球蚴病, 棘球绦虫, 分类学, 分子流行病学

Abstract:

Cystic echinococcosis is a common parasitic zoonosis caused by the larva of multiple species of Echinococcus. The disease significantly impairs the health of humans and animals, and incurs a severe socioeconomic loss. In this review we summarize the taxonomic status, transmission patterns, host specificity and geographical distribution of the species, in order to provide references for further studies on the etiology, molecular genetics, epidemiology, and control strategies of cystic echinococcosis.

Key words: Cystic echinococcosis, Echinococcus, Taxonomy, Molecular epidemiology

中图分类号:

532.32

尚婧晔, 张光葭, 何伟, 喻文杰, 廖沙, 王奇, 陈凡, 李汭芮, 王谦, 钟波, 黄燕. 细粒棘球蚴病病原分类学与分子流行病学研究进展[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2018, 36(2): 166-174.

Jing-ye SHANG, Guang-jia ZHANG, Wei HE, Wen-jie YU, Sha LIAO, Qi WANG, Fan CHEN, Rui-rui LI, Qian WANG, Bo ZHONG, Yan HUANG. Taxonomy and molecular epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus complex causing cystic echinococcosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2018, 36(2): 166-174.

图/表 1

表1

细粒棘球蚴病病原分类与分子流行病学特征

虫种	虫株/基因型	已知终宿主	已知动物中间宿主	对人是否致病	发现地区
狭义细粒棘球绦虫 E. granulosus s.s.	绵羊株/G1	犬^[117]、狼^[29]、豺^[29]、鬣狗^[118]、狐^[30]、猫^[119]、狮^[118]、豹^[118]	绵羊^[44]、山羊^[88]、牛^[88]、牦牛^[19]、水牛^[20]、猪^[120]、马^[23]、驴^[121]、骆驼^[88]、羊驼^[122]、摩佛伦羊^[123]、羚羊^[124]、马鹿^[26]、梅花鹿^[56]、长尾猴^[56]、袋鼠^[9]、沙袋鼠^[46]、地松鼠^[28]、疣猪^[125]、野猪^[27]	是	全球分布^{[11, 37, 126, 127]}
	塔斯马尼亚绵羊株/G2	犬^[117]、狐^[128]	绵羊^[129]、山羊^[130]、牛^[91]、水牛^[129]、沙袋鼠^[46]	是	亚洲：伊朗^[117]、巴勒斯坦^[131]、印度^[22] 非洲：摩洛哥^[132]、阿尔及利亚^[25] 南美洲：阿根廷^[82] 欧洲：意大利^[91]、法国^[133]、罗马尼亚^[134]、塞尔维亚^[135]、保加利亚^[51] 大洋洲：澳大利亚^[46]
	水牛株/G3	犬^[41]、狐^[128]	绵羊^[22]、山羊^[136]、牛^[22]、水牛^[22]、骆驼^[137]、猪^[22]、野猪^[138]、大角驴羚^[27]	是	亚洲：伊朗^[117]、巴勒斯坦^[131]、巴基斯坦^[136]、印度^[22]、土耳其^[139]、中国^[140] 非洲：摩洛哥^[132]、突尼斯^[45] 南美洲：巴西^[41]、智利^[141] 欧洲：意大利^[27]、法国^[133]、希腊^[142]、葡萄牙^[143]、摩尔多瓦^[144]、塞尔维亚^[135]、保加利亚^[40]a 大洋洲：澳大利亚^[46]
	未分型（G1-3）				亚洲：不丹^[86]、亚美尼亚^[126] 非洲：纳米比亚^[126]、苏丹^[126]a 欧洲：斯洛伐克^[126]*
马棘球绦虫 E. equinus	马株/G4	犬^[54]、豺^[72] 、狮^[72]	马^[54]、驴^[47]、骡子^[55]、斑马^[56]、狐猴^[56]	未发现	亚洲：吉尔吉斯斯坦^[145]、约旦^[65]、伊朗^[63]、土耳其^[64] 非洲：突尼斯^[47]、埃及^[66]、纳米比亚^[72] 欧洲：意大利^[59]、西班牙^[60]、德国^[61]、英国^[54]、爱尔兰^[9]、瑞士^[62] 大洋洲：新西兰^[67]
奥氏棘球绦虫 E. ortleppi	牛株/G5	犬^[41]	绵羊^[78]、山羊^[78]、牛^[89]、水牛^[22]、猪^[22]、骆驼^[79]、斑马^[146]、狐猴^[58]、白臀叶猴^[80]、梅花鹿^[56]	是	亚洲：印度^[22]、尼泊尔^[78]、不丹^[86]、越南^[80] 非洲：苏丹^[31]、肯尼亚^[87]、埃及^[79]、埃塞俄比亚^[88]、纳米比亚^[146]、赞比亚^[126]、南非^[84]a 北美洲：墨西哥^[83]a 南美洲：巴西^[89]、乌拉圭^[90]、阿根廷^[82] 欧洲：意大利^[91]、法国^[85]、瑞士^[77]、德国^[126]、奥地利^[126]、荷兰^[9]
加拿大棘球绦虫 E. canadensis	骆驼株/G6	狼^[108]、犬^[147]	骆驼^[79]、绵羊^[79]、山羊^[87]、牛^[105]、水牛^[79]、猪^[32]、驯鹿^[108]	是	亚洲：中国^[148]、伊朗^[147]、吉尔吉斯斯坦^[149]、阿曼^[150]、印度^[43]a、土耳其^[42]*、尼泊尔^[78]a、阿富汗^[37]a 非洲：苏丹^[31]、埃及^[32]、肯尼亚^[87]、利比亚^[151]、阿尔及利亚^[152]、毛利塔尼亚^[25]、突尼斯^[47]、埃塞俄比亚^[153]、索马里^[9]、马里^[154]、加纳^[155]a南美洲：阿根廷^[82]、秘鲁^[156]、智利^[157]a 欧洲：俄罗斯^[108]
	猪株/G7	狼^[158]	猪^[95]、绵羊^[16]、山羊^[60]、牛^[106]、野猪^[60]、海狸 ^[107]	是	亚洲：土耳其^[16]、伊朗^[158]、亚美尼亚^[16]、中国^[104]a 非洲：埃及^[103]、南非^[84]a 北美洲：墨西哥^[159] 南美洲：阿根廷^[82]、巴西^[120]、秘鲁^[122] 欧洲：意大利^[21]、西班牙^[60]、希腊^[142]、葡萄牙^[160]、罗马尼亚^[134]、塞尔维亚^[161]、波兰^[95]、立陶宛^[112]、乌克兰^[95]、斯洛伐克^[99]、匈牙利^[51]、奥地利^[126]、马其顿^[40]
	G6/7				亚洲：哈萨克斯坦^[162]、蒙古国^[116] 非洲：纳米比亚^[126] 欧洲：法国^[97]
	鹿株/G8	狼^[108]	马鹿^[109]、驼鹿^[109]、麝牛^[34]	是	北美洲：美国^[109]、加拿大^[109] 欧洲：爱沙尼亚^[111]、俄罗斯^[108]
	G9	未知	未知	是	欧洲：波兰^[94]a
	鹿株/G10	狼^[108]、犬^[110]	马鹿^[109]、驼鹿^[109]、驯鹿^[108]	是	亚洲：蒙古国^[113]、中国^[114]a 北美洲：美国^[109]、加拿大^[109] 欧洲：芬兰^[109]、俄罗斯^[108]、爱沙尼亚^[111]、拉脱维亚^[112]

表1

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