新疆维吾尔自治区动物棘球绦虫感染调查分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查新疆维吾尔自治区家(牧)犬、啮齿类动物和家畜感染棘球绦虫或棘球蚴现状。方法 2012年8月至2013年9月根据新疆维吾尔自治区棘球蚴病流行情况调查方案,选择有多房棘球蚴病流行的阿勒泰山、塔额盆地、伊犁河谷、北部天山和中部天山等5地的26个县（市）366个行政村作为调查点,采集各村家(牧)犬粪,ELISA检测犬粪棘球绦虫抗原情况,用触摸和肉眼观察啮齿动物和屠宰场家畜（绵羊、马、牦牛、黄牛和山羊）的棘球蚴包囊情况。犬粪抗原阳性率和棘球蚴感染率比较均采用卡方检验。结果共采集家（牧）犬粪8 493份,ELISA检测结果显示,粪抗原阳性率为2.63%（223/8 493）,其中塔额盆地阳性率为4.69%（74/1 600）,高于伊犁河谷（2.52%,66/2 615）、阿勒泰山（2.14%,50/2 341）、中部天山（2.08%,27/1 298）和北部天山（0.94%,6/639）(χ² = 13.65~18.01,P < 0.05）。家畜棘球蚴病患病检出率为6.18%（1 616/26 170）,除牦牛和马未检出棘球蚴包囊外,其余均有检出。其中绵羊患病检出率为6.47%（1 550/23 943）,高于黄牛（3.18%,30/943）和山羊（2.89%,36/1 247）（χ² = 25.85~16.54,P < 0.05）。中部天山家畜患病检出率最高,为18.04%（545/3 021）,高于伊犁河谷（6.44%,305/7 312）、北部天山（4.17%,65/2 010）、塔额盆地（3.59%,239/6 652）和阿勒泰山（3.23%,462/7 175）（χ² = 321.46~248.35,P < 0.05）。棘球蚴寄生在肝、肺、肝+肺和其他脏器的比例为116 ∶ 12 ∶ 5 ∶ 1。共采集并剖检啮齿动物46种25 400只,其中20种374只啮齿动物检出棘球蚴囊,患病检出率为1.47%。除北部天山的啮齿类动物未检出棘球蚴外,伊犁河谷的患病检出率（3.94%,322/8 120）高于中部天山（0.55%,18/3 260）、塔额盆地（0.55%,28/5 076）和阿勒泰山（0.09%,6/6 942）（χ² = 93.50~264.36,P < 0.05）。结论新疆家(牧)犬粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率以及啮齿动物和家畜棘球蚴病患病检出率仍较高。

关键词: 棘球绦虫, 啮齿动物, 家(牧)犬, 家畜, 调查, 新疆维吾尔自治区

Abstract:

Objective To make a systematic survey on Echinococcus infection among domesticated (shepherd) dogs, rodents and livestock in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Method According to the Xinjiang Protocol of Epidemiological Survey on Echinococcosis, 366 administrative villages were selected as the survey spots from 26 counties in districts with echinococcosis multilocularis prevalence, including Altay Mountain, Taer Basin, Yili River Valley, the Northern Tianshan Mountains and the Central Tianshan Mountains, from August 2012 to September 2013. Dog feces were collected for examination of echinococcus antigen with ELISA. Hydatid cyst was examined through touching and visual observation of rodents and livestock at the slaughterhouses including sheep, horses, yaks, cattle and goats. The positive rate of echinococcus antigen in feces and the infection rate of hydatid cysts were analyzed with the chi-square test. Results Of the 8 493 totally collected fecal samples, ELISA showed a positive rate of 2.63% (223/8 493) for echinococcus antigen, and the Taer Basin (4.69%, 74/1 600) had the highest positive rate, followed by Ili River Valley (2.52%, 66/2 615), Altay Mountain (2.14%, 50/2 341), the Central Tianshan Mountains (2.08%, 27/1 298) and the Northern Tianshan Mountains (0.94%, 6/639) (χ² = 13.65-18.01, P < 0.05). In addition, the detection rate of hydatid cysts was 6.18% (1 616/26 170). All species except yak and horses had different degrees of infection. The detection rate was higher in sheep (6.47%, 1 550/23 943) than in cattle (3.18%, 30/943) and goats (2.89%, 36/1 247) (χ² = 25.85-16.54, P < 0.05). The livestock infection rate was highest in the Central Tianshan Mountains (18.04%, 545/3 021), followed by the Ili River Valley (6.44%, 305/7 312), Northern Tianshan Mountains (4.17%, 65/2 010), Taer Basin (3.59%, 239/6 652) and Altay Mountain (3.23%, 462/7 175) (χ² = 321.46-248.35, P < 0.05). The ratio of hydatid cysts found in the liver, lung, lung + liver, and other organs was 116 ∶ 12 ∶ 5 ∶ 1. Regarding the rodent infection, 25 400 of 46 species underwent necropsy, and 374 of 20 species had a positive result (1.47%, 374/25 400). Hydatid infection was found in all the survey spots except for the Northern Tianshan Mountains, with a highest infection rate in the Ili River Valley (3.94%, 322/8 120) followed by the Central Tianshan Mountains (0.55%, 18/3 260), the Taer Basin (0.55%, 28/5 076) and the Altay Mountain (0.09%, 6/6 942) (χ² = 93.50-264.36, P < 0.05). Conclusions The positive rate of fecal antigen in dogs is 2.63%. The hydatid cysts are found in 6.18% of livestock and 1.47% of wild rodents in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomouse Region.

Key words: Echinococcus, Rodent, Dog, Livestock, Survey, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

中图分类号:

R532.32

买买提江·吾买尔, 伊斯拉音·乌斯曼, 阿迪力·司马义, 候岩岩, 肖宁. 新疆维吾尔自治区动物棘球绦虫感染调查分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2017, 35(2): 145-149.

WUMAIER Maimaitijiang, OSMAN Yisilayin, SIMAYI Adili, Yan-yan HOU, Ning XIAO. A survey on Echinococcus infections in animals in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2017, 35(2): 145-149.

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地理位置 Goeographical location	地区/州 Prefecture/ Autonomous prefecture	县（市）County（City）
塔额盆地 Taer Basin	塔城地区 Tacheng Prefecture	额敏县Emin County、和布克赛尔蒙古族自治县Hoboksar Mongol Autonomous County、塔城市Tacheng City、裕民县 Yumin County
伊犁河谷 Ili River Valley	伊犁哈萨克自治州 Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture	察布查尔锡伯自治县Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County、巩留县Gongliu County、霍城县Huocheng County、尼勒克县Nilka County、特克斯县Tekes County、新源县Xinyuan County、伊宁县Yining County、昭苏县Zhaosu County
阿勒泰山 Altay Mountains	阿勒泰地区 Altay Prefecture	阿勒泰市Aletai City、布尔津县Buerjin County、福海县Fuhai County、富蕴县Fuyun County、哈巴河县Habahe County、吉木乃县Jimunai County、清河县Qinghe County、托里县Tori County
中部天山 Middle Tianshan	巴音郭楞蒙古族自治州 Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture	博湖县Bohu County、和静县Hejing County、和硕县Heshuo County、焉耆县Yanqi County
北部天山 Northern Tianshan	塔城地区 Tacheng Prefecture	乌苏市Wusu City、沙湾Shawan County

携带不同棘球蚴囊数量的家畜数 No. livestock with different number of hydatid cysts
寄生部位 Organ	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	15	21	25	合计Total	构成比/% Constituent ratio/%
肝Liver	644	434	163	80	53	10	2	2	2	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	1 393	86.20
肺Lung	77	36	26	5	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	148	9.16
肝 + 肺	1	5	5	11	29	2	2	1	3	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	63	3.90
Liver + lung
其他脏器	7	2	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	12	0.74
Other organs
合计Total	729	477	196	96	83	13	5	4	5	1	1	1	1	2	1	1	1 616	100

物种Species	检查数No. examined	患病检出数No. positives	患病检出率/%Mobidity rate/%
草原鼹形田鼠Ellobius	5	2	2/5
跳鼠Dipodidae	21	3	14.29
灰仓鼠Cricetulus migratorius	5 010	193	3.85
小林娠鼠Apodemus sylvaticcus	274	8	2.92
黑田鼠Micotus agreastis	1 118	17	1.52
旱獭Marmota	68	1	1.47
褐家鼠Rattus norvegicus	1 388	12	0.86
小家鼠Mus musculus	3 234	25	0.77
长尾黄鼠Spermophilus undulatus	308	2	0.65
赤颊黄鼠Citellus erythrogenys	14 57	9	0.62
普通田鼠Mirotus arvalis	438	1	0.23
草原兔尾鼠Lagurus lagurus	1 719	12	0.70
黄兔尾鼠Lagurus luteus	1 464	1	0.07
未分种田鼠Microtus spp.	8 001	29	0.36
未鉴定Unindentified	2 920	36	1.23
合计	25 400	374	1.47