2015年西藏措美县野外棘球绦虫犬粪污染调查

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志

2015年西藏措美县野外棘球绦虫犬粪污染调查

牛彦麟1，伍卫平1*，官亚宜1，王立英1，韩帅1，贡桑曲珍2，刚珠3，次仁旺旦3，益西丹增4，次仁曲珍5，格桑次仁4，吉米曲珠5

1中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所，世界卫生组织热带病合作中心，科技部国家级热带病国际联合中心，卫生部寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室，上海 200025；2西藏自治区疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所，拉萨 850000；3西藏自治区山南地区疾病预防控制中心，乃东 856100；4西藏自治区山南地区措美县疾病预防控制中心，措美 856900；5西藏自治区山南地区措美县卫生局，措美 856900

出版日期:2016-04-30 发布日期:2016-06-30

Dog Fecal Contamination by Echinococcus in Cuomei County of Tibet in 2015

NIU Yan-lin1, WU Wei-ping1*, GUAN Ya-yi1, WANG Li-ying1, HAN Shuai1, GONGSANG Qu-zhen2, GANG Zhu3, CIREN Wang-dan3, YIXI Dan-zeng4, CIREN Qu-zhen5, GESANG Ci-ren4, JIMI Qu-zhu5

1 National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China; 2 The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China; 3 The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Lhoka Prefecture, Naidong 856100, China; 4 The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Cuomei County, Cuomei 856900, China; 5 The Health Bureau of Cuomei County, Cuomei 856900, China

Online:2016-04-30 Published:2016-06-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解西藏山南地区野外棘球绦虫犬粪污染情况，为制定相关的防治策略提供依据。方法于2015年5月在西藏山南地区措美县哲古镇哲古村周边按机械抽样法选取调查点，记录调查点坐标、犬粪数量、营地类型、牧场类型、地形分类、植被类型、地表覆盖类型、有无生活垃圾等信息，并计算调查点距村中心直线距离。采集调查点内犬粪样并应用粪抗原ELISA检测粪便的感染情况，应用χ2检验、Fisher确切概率检验法、Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验和Nemenyi多重比较法分析粪便污染分布特征。结果共选取79个调查点，有粪便分布的37个，共采集犬粪226份。ELISA检测结果显示，犬粪抗原阳性率为23.9%（54/226），粪便密度和阳性粪便密度均数分别为0.317 9个/100 m2和0.075 9个/100 m2，最大值分别为2.555 6个/100 m2和0.555 6个/100 m2。夏营地的粪便密度和阳性粪便密度分别为0.601 9个/100 m2和0.157 4个/100 m2，均高于非营地（0.170 2个/100 m2和0.033 1个/100 m2）（χ2=18.248 4，P<0.01；χ2=15.274 3，P<0.01）；有生活垃圾的调查点的粪便密度和阳性粪便密度分别为0.679 0个/100 m2和0.177 0个/100 m2，高于无生活垃圾的调查点（0.130 3个/100 m2和0.023 5个/100 m2）（χ2=34.634 7，P<0.01；χ2=26.109 1，P<0.01）；距村中心直线距离≥10 km的调查点的粪便密度和阳性粪便密度分别为0.403 7个/100 m2和0.107 4个/100 m2，高于距村中心直线距离<10 km的调查点（0.265 3个/100 m2和0.056 7个/100 m2）（χ2=4.432 7，P<0.05；χ2=4.045 5，P<0.05）。结论西藏山南地区措美县野外棘球绦虫阳性犬粪污染严重，夏营地、有生活垃圾的区域、距村中心直线距离≥10 km的区域可作为今后棘球蚴病的防治重点范围。

关键词: 西藏, 棘球绦虫, 犬, 粪便污染, 粪抗原

Abstract: Objective To understand dog fecal contamination by Echinococcus in Lhoka Prefecture of Tibet and provide basis for development of prevention and control strategies. Methods Survey spots were sampled around the Zhegu Village of Zhegu Town in Cuomei County of Tibet using the mechanical sampling method in May, 2015. The positions of spots, amount of dog feces, types of camps, pastures, terrains, vegetations and land cover, as well as information concerning the existence of household garbage, were recorded. The linear distance from survey spot to the center of the village was calculated. Dog feces were sampled in survey spot and examined the copro-antigen for Echinococcus contamination by ELISA. The distribution characteristics of fecal contamination were analyzed by chi-square test, Fisher′s exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Nemenyi test. Results Seventy-nine survey spots were selected for sampling. A total of 226 feces samples were obtained in 37 of the spots. ELISA results showed that the copro-antigen positive rate was 23.9%（54/226）, the averaged density of feces and the averaged density of positive feces were 0.317 9/100 m2 and 0.075 9/100 m2, with a maximum of 2.555 6/100 m2 and 0.555 6/100 m2 respectively. The density of feces and the density of positive feces were both higher in summer camps（0.601 9/100 m2 and 0.157 4/100 m2 respectively） than in non-camps（0.170 2/100 m2 and 0.033 1/100 m2）（χ2=18.248 4，P<0.01；χ2=15.274 3，P<0.01）. In addition, the density of feces and the density of positive feces were both higher in survey spots with household garbage（0.679 0/100 m2, 0.177 0/100 m2） than in those without household garbage （0.130 3/100 m2 and 0.023 5/100 m2）（χ2=34.634 7，P<0.01；χ2=26.109 1，P<0.01）; as well as higher in survey spots ≥10 km from the center of the village（0.403 7/100 m2, 0.107 4/100 m2） than in those <10 km（0.265 3/100 m2, 0.056 7/100 m2）（χ2=4.432 7，P<0.05；χ2=4.045 5，P<0.05）. Conclusion The Cuomei County of Tibet is facing a serious situation of dog fecal contamination by Echinococcus. Summer camps, areas with household garbage, and districts with a ≥10 km linear distance from the village center may provide reference for determining the regions for hydatidosis prevention and control.

Key words: Tibet, Echinococcus, Dog, Fecal contamination, Copro-antigen

牛彦麟1，伍卫平1*，官亚宜1，王立英1，韩帅1，贡桑曲珍2，刚珠3，次仁旺旦3，益西丹增4，次仁曲珍5，格桑次仁4，吉米曲珠5. 2015年西藏措美县野外棘球绦虫犬粪污染调查[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志.

NIU Yan-lin1, WU Wei-ping1*, GUAN Ya-yi1, WANG Li-ying1, HAN Shuai1, GONGSANG Qu-zhen2, GANG Zhu3, CIREN Wang-dan3, YIXI Dan-zeng4, CIREN Qu-zhen5, GESANG Ci-ren4, JIMI Qu-zhu5. Dog Fecal Contamination by Echinococcus in Cuomei County of Tibet in 2015[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases.

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