中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志

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2014年全国疟疾疫情分析

张丽,周水森*,丰俊,房文,夏志贵   

  1. 中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所,卫生部寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室,世界卫生组织热带病合作中心,国家热带病国际联合研究中心,上海200025
  • 出版日期:2015-10-30 发布日期:2016-01-06

Malaria Situation in the People’s Republic of China in 2014

ZHANG Li, ZHOU Shui-sen*, FENG Jun, FANG Wen, XIA Zhi-gui   

  1. National Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology,Ministry of Health; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025,China
  • Online:2015-10-30 Published:2016-01-06

摘要:

使用《疟疾防治工作调查表》(全国疾病控制调查制度2013年版“卫统32表”)收集2014年全国31个省(直辖市、自治区,未包括台湾、香港和澳门地区)的疟疾疫情数据资料进行整理、统计和分析。除内蒙古自治区无病例报告外,全国30个省(直辖市、自治区)680县(市、区)共报告疟疾病例3 078例,较2013年(4 128例)下降25.4%,发病率为0.022 6/万;病例数位居前5位的是云南(17.3%,533/3 078)、江苏(11.5%,355/3 078)、四川(8.6%,266/3 078)、河南(7.0%,216/3 078)、浙江(7.0%,215/3 078)等5个省(自治区)。本地感染病例56例(占1.8%,56/3 078),主要分布在云南边境(9个县)和西藏(1个县);6例本地感染的恶性疟仅分布在云南省的盈江县(4例)和沧源县(2例);西藏自治区墨脱县和云南省盈江县本地感染疟疾发病率超过1/万。境外输入病例3 021例(占98.1%,3 021/3 078),分布在全国30个省(直辖市、自治区)。广东省报告1例长潜伏期三日疟病例。确诊病例3 057例(占99.3%,3 057/3 078),其中间日疟846例(占27.7%,846/3 057),恶性疟1 882例(占61.6%,1 882/3 057),三日疟53例(占1.7%,53/3 057),卵形疟231例(占7.6%,231/3 057),混合感染44例(占1.4%,44/3 057),诺氏疟1例。全国16个省(直辖市、自治区)报告重症病例170例(占5.5%,170/3 078),15个省(直辖市、自治区)报告疟疾死亡病例25例(0.8%,25/3 078)。2014年全国消除疟疾工作成果显著,云南边境和西藏墨脱仍是我国消除疟疾的重点地区,境外输入病例的管理与重症病例救治需进一步加强。

关键词: 中国, 疟疾, 疫情

Abstract:

The 2014 malaria epidemiological data reported through the annual malaria statistics reporting system were collected and analyzed. A total of 3 078 malaria cases were reported in 680 counties of 30 Provinces/Municipalities/Autonomous Regions(P/M/A)(except Inner Mongolia) in 2014, decreased by 25.4% compared with the 4 128 cases in 2013. The incidence rate was 0.022 6/10 000. More cases distributed in Yunnan(17.3%, 533/3 078), Jiangsu (11.5%, 355/3 078), Sichuan(8.6%, 266/3 078), Henan(7.0%, 216/3 078) and Zhejiang(7.0%, 215/3 078) Provinces. Of all the cases, 56 (1.8%) were indigenous cases, mainly from the border area of Yunnan (comprising 9 counties) and the Tibet Autonomous Region(one county). Locally-infected falciparum malaria was only found in Yingjiang County (4 cases) and Cangyuan County (2 cases) of Yunnan. Indigenous malaria prevalence was of over 1/10 000 in Motuo County and Yingjiang County. There were 3 021 abroad-imported cases of malaria(98.1%), which widely distributed in the 30 P/M/As. In addition, one case of quartan malaria with long latency was reported in Guangdong Province. Of all the reported cases, 3 057 (99.3%) were further confirmed by plasmodium species, comprising 846 cases of vivax malaria(27.7%), 1 882 cases of falciparum malaria(61.6%), 3 cases of quartan malaria(1.7%), 231 cases of ovale malaria(7.6%), 44 cases of mixed infections, and one case of P. knowlesi malaria. Furthermore, 170 cases(5.5%) with severe conditions were reported in 16 P/M/As, and 25 deaths were reported in 15 P/M/As. In summary, remarkable achievements have been made in eliminating malaria in China, despite increases in imported cases. The border areas of Yunnan and Motuo County of Tibet Autonomous Region re-main the key regions for malaria elimination. Efforts are needed to reinforce the management of imported cases and the treatment of complicated malaria.

Key words: China, Malaria, Situation