中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志

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青海省玛沁县棘球蚴病流行情况调查

马霄1 *,王虎1,韩秀敏1,张静宵1,刘玉芳1,赵延梅1,王永顺1,马俊英1,刘海青1,刚坚2   

  1. 1 青海省地方病预防控制所,西宁811602;2 青海省玛沁县疾病预防控制中心,玛沁814000
  • 出版日期:2015-08-30 发布日期:2015-09-10

Survey on Echinococcosis in Maqing County of Qinghai Province

MA Xiao1 *,WANG Hu1,HAN Xiu-min1,ZHANG Jing-xiao1,LIU Yu-fang1,ZHAO Yan-mei1,WANG Yong-shun1,MA Jun-ying1,LIU Hai-qing1,GANG Jian2   

  1. 1 Qinghai Institute of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China; 2 Maqin County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Maqing 814000, China
  • Online:2015-08-30 Published:2015-09-10

摘要:

目的  掌握青海省玛沁县人体棘球蚴病感染状况,为该地区棘球蚴病防治提供依据。  方法  根据中华人民共和国卫生行业标准《包虫病诊断标准(WS257-2006)》,使用B超扫描和间接血凝试验对玛沁县所辖乡镇1岁以上常住居民进行棘球蚴病患病情况和血清学调查。在优云乡、当洛乡和下大武乡采集犬粪,采用ELISA法进行棘球绦虫粪抗原检测。  结果  B超结果显示,玛沁县人群棘球蚴病检出率为7.4%(116/1 561),细粒棘球蚴病和多房棘球蚴病检出率分别为5.3%(82/1 561)和2.2%(34/1 561)。人群血清抗体阳性率为23.8%(307/1 288)。82例细粒棘球蚴病患者中,23例棘球蚴直径>10 cm,占28.1%(23/82),最大径者为18 cm。棘球蚴占位数量≥2个的患者24例,占20.7%(24/116)。玛沁县男性和女性患病率分别为5.3%(40/753)和9.4%(76/808),两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各职业人群中家务、僧侣和牧民的棘球蚴病患病率较高,分别为18.0%(11/61)、12.2%(5/41)和11.1%(84/758),不同年龄组中以60岁以上和30~40岁人群棘球蚴病患病率最高,分别为18.2%(24/132)和10.3%(31/302),10岁以下儿童患病率为2.9%(18/628)。玛沁县棘球蚴病患病率最高的3个乡依次为优云乡、昌麻河乡和当洛乡,患病率分别为11.7%(29/247)、9.5%(6/63)和8.4%(54/645)。共采集犬粪199份,其中棘球绦虫粪抗原阳性54份,阳性率为27.1%(54/199),优云乡的阳性率为40.4%(23/57),显著高于其他两乡(P<0.05)。  结论  玛沁县以细粒棘球蚴病为主、多房棘球蚴病为辅的混合流行区,以女性、家务和60岁以上人群患病率较高,地区分布上主要集中在优云乡、昌麻河乡和当洛乡。

关键词: 青海省, 玛沁县, 棘球蚴病

Abstract:

Objective  To understand the status of echinococcosis in Maqing County of Qinghai Province in order to facilitate echinococcosis control in this region.  Methods  Ultrasonic scanning and indirect hemagglutination assay were used to detect echinococcosis infection in residents >1 year old, according to the People’s Republic of China Health Industry Standard--Diagnostic Criteria for Hydatid Disease(WS257-2006). Meanwhile, ELISA was used to detect the Echinococcus antigen in dog’s feces collected in Youyun, Dangluo and Xiadawu townships.  Results  Ultrasonic scanning showed that the prevalence of hydatid disease in the residents was 7.4% (116/1 561), cystic hydatid disease 5.3% (82/1 561), alveolar hydatid disease 2.2% (34/1 561). The serum positive rate in human population was 23.8%(307/1 288). Of the 82 cases of cystic hydatid disease, 23 cases (28.1%) had the hydatid cyst with a diameter of >10 cm. The prevalence in males and females in the county was 5.3% (40/753) and 9.4% (76/808), respectively (Ρ<0.05). Among populations with different occupations, the highest prevalence of hydatid disease fell into houseworkers (11/61, 18.0%), monks(5/41, 12.2%) and herdsmen(84/758, 11.1%). Among the age groups, the groups of >60 years(24/132, 18.2%) and 30-40 years(31/302, 10.3%) had higher prevalence of hydatid disease. The three townships with the higher prevalence were Youyun(29/247, 11.7%), Changmahe (6/63, 9.5%) and Dangluo(54/645, 8.4%). Of the 199 samples of dog’s feces, 54 were positive for Echinococcus antigens(27.1%), with a positive rate of 40.4% (23/57) in Youyun towship, being significantly higher than in the other two(Ρ<0.05).  Conclusion  Maqin county is a co-endemic area of cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis. The prevalence is higher in females and those over 60 years-old.

Key words: Qinghai Province, Maqing County, Echinococcosis