2022年全国疟疾疫情特征分析

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2023.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

收集整理寄生虫病防治信息管理系统中2022年全国31个省（直辖市、自治区，未包括台湾、香港和澳门地区）疟疾疫情数据资料，对疟疾疫情特征进行统计分析。2022年全国报告疟疾病例845例，较2021年（799例）增加了5.8%；其中境外输入性病例844例，长潜伏期再燃三日疟病例1例（由广东省报告）；中国籍820例（占97.0%，820/845），外国籍25例（占3.0%，25/845）；男女性别比为17.0:1，50~59岁年龄组的病例最多（占29.5%，249/845）；恶性疟494例（占58.5%，494/845），间日疟204例（占24.1%，204/845），卵形疟108例（12.8%，108/845），三日疟31例（占3.7%，31/845），混合感染8例（占0.9%，8/845）。26个省（直辖市、自治区）报告疟疾病例，病例数位居前5位的省份依次为广东（182例）、云南（136例）、四川（72例）、浙江（64例）和河南（59例），合计报告513例（占60.7%，513/845）。全国报告疟疾危重症病例36例（占4.3%，36/845），死亡病例6例（占0.7%，6/845）。虽然我国已连续6年无本土原发蚊传疟疾病例报告，但依然存在聚集性输入和输入再传播风险，消除后应继续加强疟疾监测与响应，及时发现、准确诊断和规范治疗疟疾病例，减少危重症或死亡，防止出现本地再传播。

关键词: 疟疾, 疫情特征, 中国

Abstract:

Malaria epidemiological data in 31 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions (excluding Taiwan region, Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR) of China in 2022 were collected from the Information System for Parasitic Diseases Prevention and Control. The epidemiological characteristic of malaria cases was analyzed. In 2022, a total of 845 malaria cases were reported in China, which is increased by 5.8% compared to that in 2021 (799 cases). Of all these cases, 844 were imported cases and 1 was local recurrent case infected with Plasmodium malariae with along incubation period. In addition, 820 cases were of Chinese nationality (97.0%, 820/845) and 25 cases were of foreign nationality (3.0%, 25/845). Most of the cases were within the age range of 50-59 years (29.5%, 249/845), with a male-to-female ratio of 17.0:1. The reported cases included 494 cases of P. falciparum infection (58.8%, 494/845), 204 cases of P. vivax infection (24.1%, 204/845), 108 cases of P. ovale infection (12.8%, 108/845), 31 cases of P. malariae infection (3.7%, 31/845), and 8 cases of mixed-infection (0.9%, 8/845). The cases were reported from 26 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions, with the top 5 provinces including Guangdong (182 cases), Yunnan (136 cases), Sichuan (72 cases), Zhejiang (64 cases) and Henan (59 cases), from which 513 cases (60.7%, 513/845) were reported. A total of 36 severe malaria cases (4.3%, 36/845) and 6 deaths (0.7%, 6/845) were reported. Although there has been no report of indigenous malaria cases in China for six consecutive years, there is still a risk of cluster outbreak of imported malaria and reemerging. After malaria elimination, malaria surveillance and response should be further strengthened, and malaria cases should be detected timely with accurate, diagnosis and standard treatment, so as to reduce the severe cases and deaths and finally prevent the reemerging of malaria transmission.

Key words: Malaria, Epidemiological characteristics, China

中图分类号:

R531.3

张丽, 易博禹, 尹建海, 夏志贵. 2022年全国疟疾疫情特征分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2023, 41(2): 137-141.

ZHANG Li, YI Boyu, YIN Jianhai, XIA Zhigui. Epidemiological characteristics of malaria in China, 2022[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2023, 41(2): 137-141.

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参考文献 12

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特征 Characteristics	病例诊断分类/例 Diagnostic classification of cases/case					合计 Total
特征 Characteristics	恶性疟 Falciparum malaria	间日疟 Vivax malaria	卵形疟 Ovale malaria	三日疟 Malariae malaria	混合感染 Mixed-infection	合计 Total
国籍 Nationality
中国籍 Chinese	483	191	107	31	8	820
外国籍 Foreigner	11	13	1	0	0	25
感染来源 Infection source
境外输入病例 Abroad-imported case	494	204	108	30	8	844
长潜伏期再燃病例 Recurrent case with long incubation	0	0	0	1	0	1
合计 Total	494	204	108	31	8	845

洲 Continent	国家 Country	病例诊断分类/例 Diagnostic classification of cases/case					合计 Total
洲 Continent	国家 Country	恶性疟 Falciparum malaria	间日疟 Vivax malaria	卵形疟 Ovale malaria	三日疟 Malariae malaria	混合感染 Mixed-infection	合计 Total
非洲 Africa	36	492	79	106	30	8	715
亚洲 Asia	8	2	120	2	0	0	124
大洋洲 Oceania	1	0	5	0	0	0	5
合计 Total	45	494	204	108	30	8	844

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