2018—2020年湖北省传疟媒介监测分析

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2021.05.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的对湖北省传疟媒介按蚊的种群分布、密度、季节消长及夜间活动规律等进行监测,为消除疟疾后阶段输入性疟疾防控策略的制定提供参考。方法于2018—2020年每年7—9月在湖北省枣阳市的3个村（刘升镇刘湾村2组、琚湾镇琚庄村3组和七方镇文庄村1组）开展按蚊种群监测,于室内（人房或牲畜棚）、室外（靠近水稻田）各选取2个调查场所开展1次按蚊种群监测,采用灯诱法（19 ∶ 00至次日7 ∶ 00）捕蚊,连续监测3 d。2018—2020年,另选择恩施市舞阳坝乡、丹江口市六里坪乡、枣阳市七方镇、武穴市石佛寺乡、江陵县白马寺镇和京山市孙桥镇等6个监测点,每年5—10月的上旬和下旬各开展1次按蚊密度监测,在监测点的居民区和蚊媒孳生地之间采用人诱法（19 ∶ 00至次日7 ∶ 00）捕蚊。捕获的所有按蚊冷冻处死后进行形态学鉴定。分析按蚊密度的季节消长趋势,夜间不同时间段按蚊密度的规律,以及人房、牲畜棚和室外等不同场所按蚊种群构成差异。按蚊密度的比较采用方差分析,按蚊种群构成的比较采用χ²检验。结果种群监测结果显示,2018—2020年灯诱法共捕获蚊虫4 277只,其中中华按蚊819只（19.15%）,淡色库蚊3 440只（80.43%）,骚扰阿蚊18只（0.42%）。牲畜棚捕获蚊虫3 502只,其中中华按蚊677只（19.33%）,淡色库蚊2 813只（80.33%）,骚扰阿蚊12只（0.34%）。室外捕获蚊虫总数503只,其中中华按蚊106只（21.07%）,淡色库蚊393只（78.13%）,骚扰阿蚊4只（0.80%）。人房捕获蚊虫总数272只（2020年未进行人房按蚊监测）,其中中华按蚊36只（13.24%）,淡色库蚊234只（86.03%）,骚扰阿蚊2只（0.74%）。2018—2020年各年度人房、牲畜棚和室外等不同捕蚊场所按蚊种群构成差异均无统计学意义（χ² = 23.500、36.000、18.000,P > 0.05）。按蚊密度监测结果显示,2018—2020年,湖北省6个监测点共捕获中华蚊虫8 426只,未发现雷氏按蚊及其他按蚊。人诱法捕获中华按蚊数量最多的地区为江陵县,3年共捕获中华按蚊4 671只;最少的为丹江口市,3年共捕获0只。2018—2020年,中华按蚊平均密度高峰分别出现在8月上旬（2018年）和7月下旬（2019、2020年）,分别为15.91、13.93、6.91只/（人·h）,三者差异无统计学意义（F = 0.347,P > 0.05）。6个监测点中,江陵县监测点的按蚊密度最高,其次为武穴市,按蚊密度分别为10.81和6.71只/（人·h）。不同监测点按蚊密度差异有统计学意义（F = 5.962,P < 0.05）。湖北省中华按蚊夜间活动高峰出现在晚上19 ∶ 00—21 ∶ 00。结论湖北省传疟媒介中华按蚊持续存在,仍有潜在的疟疾传播风险,应继续开展持续、规范的监测工作,进一步加强媒介控制工作。

关键词: 疟疾, 按蚊, 监测, 湖北省

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the state of surveillance of malaria-transmitting vector Anopheles on its population distribution, density, seasonal change, and regular pattern night activity in Hubei Province from 2018 to 2020, so as to provide reference to formulate control strategies for imported malaria during the malaria post-elimination stage. Methods In July—September of each year from 2018 to 2020, the surveillance on Anopheles population was conducted in three villages of Hubei Zaoyang City (residence group 2 of Liuwan Village/Liusheng Town, group 3 of Juzhuang Village/Juwan Town and group 1 of Wenzhuang Village/Qifang Town), thereby, two surveillance sites were selected from each place of indoors (human house or livestock barn) and outdoors (near rice field) in each village for the surveillance once a year, using lamp trapping method for catching mosquito (from 19 ∶ 00 to 7 ∶ 00) for 3 consecutive days. From 2018 to 2020, additional six surveillance sites (Wuyangba Township in Enshi City, Liuliping Township in Dangjiangkou City, Qifang Town in Zaoyang City, Shifosi Township in Wuxue City, Baimasi Town in Jiangling County and Sunqiao Town in Jingshan City) were selected for surveillance of mosquito density in early and late months of May to October once each year, applying human trapping method for catching mosquito (from 9 ∶ 00 to 7 ∶ 00) in residential areas and mosquito breeding sites. The trend of seasonal fluctuation of Anopheles density, the density change pattern in different night times, and the differences in population composition of Anopheles mosquitoes in households, livestock barns and other outdoor places were analyzed. The density of Anopheles mosquitoes was compared with analysis of variance. The population composition of Anopheles mosquitoes was compared with χ² test. Results From 2018 to 2020, the surveillance on mosquito population indicated a total of 4 277 mosquitoes captured with the lamp trapping method: 819 Anopheles sinensis (19.15%), 3 440 Culex pipiens pallens (80.43%) and 18 Armigeres subalbatus (0.42%). A total of 3 502 mosquitoes were captured in livestock barn: 677 An. sinensis (19.33%), 2 813 C. pipiens pallens (80.33%) and 12 A. subalbatus (0.34%). A total of 503 mosquitoes were captured outdoor: 106 An. sinensis (21.07%), 393 C. pipiens pallens (78.13%) and 4 A. subalbatus (0.80%). A total of 272 mosquitoes were captured in human house (monitoring of Anopheles mosquitoes in human house was not performed in 2020): 36 An. sinensis (13.24%), 234 C. pipiens pallens (86.03%) and 2 A. subalbatus (0.74%). No significant differences in the population composition of Anopheles mosquitoes among households, livestock barn and outdoor locations was found in each year (χ² = 23.500, 36.000, 18.000; P > 0.05). A total of 8 426 An. sinensis were captured with the human trapping method in six surveillance sites from 2018 to 2020, and no An. lesteri was found. Among six surveillance sites, the number of An. sinensis captured with the human trapping method in Jiangling County was largest (4 671 mosquitoes), whereas that in Danjiangkou City was the smallest (zero mosquitoes). The average density peak of An. sinensis occurred in early August (2018) and late July (2019 and 2020), reaching 15.91, 13.93 and 6.91 mosquitoes/(person·h) from 2018 to 2020, respectively (F = 0.347, P > 0.05). Among the 6 surveillance sites, the density of Anopheles mosquitoes in Jiangling County was highest [10.81 mosquitoes/(person·h)] and was followed by Wuxue City [6.71 mosquitoes/(person·h)]. Significant differences in the density of Anopheles mosquitoes was found among different surveillance sites (F = 5.962, P < 0.05). The night activity peak of An. sinensis was from 19 ∶ 00 to 21 ∶ 00. Conclusions An. sinensis was persistently present in Hubei Province, indicating of potential malaria transmission risk remains. Therefore, sustained standard surveillance should be continued, and the transmission vector control be further strengthened.

Key words: Malaria, Anopheles mosquitoes, Surveillance, Hubei Province

中图分类号:

R384.11

万伦, 张华勋, 李凯杰, 张聪, 曹慕民, 吴冬妮, 张娟, 林文, 刘斯, 朱红, 夏菁. 2018—2020年湖北省传疟媒介监测分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2021, 39(5): 592-597.

WAN Lun, ZHANG Hua-xun, LI Kai-jie, ZHANG Cong, CAO Mu-min, WU Dong-ni, ZHANG Juan, LIN Wen, LIU Si, ZHU Hong, XIA Jing. Surveillance of malaria-transmitting vectors in Hubei Province from 2018 to 2020[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2021, 39(5): 592-597.

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年 Year	人房 Human house				牲畜棚 Livestock barn				户外 Outdoor
年 Year	中华按蚊An. sinensis	淡色库蚊C. pipiens pallens	骚扰阿蚊A.subalbatus	小计Subtotal	中华按蚊An. sinensis	淡色库蚊C. pipiens pallens	骚扰阿蚊A. subalbatus	小计Subtotal	中华按蚊An. sinensis	淡色库蚊C. pipiens pallens	骚扰阿蚊A. subalbatus	小计Subtotal
2018	28	162	1	191	201	1 182	6	1 389	34	154	1	189
2019	8	72	1	81	164	766	3	933	29	116	2	147
2020	-	-	-	-	312	865	3	1 180	43	123	1	167
合计Total	36	234	2	272	677	2 813	12	3 502	106	393	4	503

监测点 Surveillance site	捕获按蚊数 No. Anopheles mosquitoe captured												合计 Total
监测点 Surveillance site	5a	5b	6a	6b	7a	7b	8a	8b	9a	9b	10a	10b	合计 Total
枣阳 Zaoyang	-	-	87	89	64	27	36	26	6	2	0	0	337
武穴Wuxue	0	4	21	19	149	836	1 115	180	73	18	0	0	2 415
京山Jingshan	18	26	28	37	42	54	73	95	71	40	21	13	518
江陵Jiangling	2	8	118	400	1 616	929	977	473	81	67	0	0	4 671
恩施Enshi	-	-	-	133	63	63	35	32	35	85	14	25	485
丹江口Dangjiangkou	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
合计Total	20	38	254	678	1 934	1 909	2 236	806	266	212	35	38	8 426

监测点 Surveillance site	捕获按蚊数 No. Anopheles mosquitoe captured												合计Total
监测点 Surveillance site	19 ∶ 00—	20 ∶ 00—	21 ∶ 00—	22 ∶ 00—	23 ∶ 00—	24 ∶ 00—	1 ∶ 00—	2 ∶ 00—	3 ∶ 00—	4 ∶ 00—	5 ∶ 00—	6 ∶ 00—	合计Total
枣阳 Zaoyang	59	87	81	63	27	7	5	6	2	0	0	0	337
武穴 Wuxue	275	319	339	304	314	282	171	119	167	101	24	0	2 415
京山 Jingshan	61	101	131	61	54	12	26	19	18	14	13	8	518
江陵 Jiangling	600	746	492	424	344	420	509	427	244	151	186	128	4 671
恩施 Enshi	65	219	80	40	34	28	17	2	0	0	0	0	485
丹江口Dangjiangkou	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
合计Total	1 060	1 472	1 123	892	773	749	728	573	431	266	223	136	8 426