2018年宁夏土源性线虫感染情况监测结果分析

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2020.04.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解宁夏土源性线虫感染现状,为防治工作提供科学依据。方法按照《全国肝吸虫病和土源性线虫病监测方案（试行）》和实施细则的要求开展调查。采用分层整群随机抽样方法,从全区抽取贺兰、海原、平罗、盐池、同心、青铜峡、泾源、惠农、红寺堡及大武口等10个县（市、区）的50个监测点,每个监测点调查人数不少于200人,调查对象为3岁及以上农村常住人口。收集调查对象粪样,采用改良加藤厚涂片法（Kato-Katz法）检测土源性线虫虫卵;3~9岁儿童采用透明胶纸肛拭法检测蛲虫。每个监测点随机抽取5户家庭,每户采集菜园或厕所周边土壤1份,每份30 g,采用饱和硝酸钠溶液漂浮法检查土壤中蛔虫卵并计数。采用Spearman秩相关法分析土壤蛔虫卵检出率与人群蛔虫感染率的相关性。结果共调查11 350人,土源性线虫感染率为1.0%（110/11 350）,以蛔虫感染为主（86.4%,95/110）;蛔虫、蛲虫感染率分别为0.8%（95/11 350）、0.1%（16/11 350）。平罗县土源性线虫感染率最高（3.0%,32/1 053）,不同监测点感染率差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;男性感染率为1.0%（55/5 641）、女性感染率为1.0%（55/5 709）,性别差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;各年龄组人群均有感染,其中70岁及以上年龄组感染率最高,为2.5%（18/708）;少数民族人群感染率（0.6%,32/5 092）低于汉族人群（1.3%,78/6 258)（P < 0.05）;职业分布中农民的感染率最高（1.5%,99/6 585）,文化程度中文盲或半文盲人群的感染率最高（2.2%,19/850）,不同年龄、民族、职业和文化程度人群感染率的差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。共检测土壤样品275份,土壤蛔虫卵检出率为11.6%（32/275）。土壤蛔虫卵检出率与人群蛔虫感染率呈正相关（r = 0.7,P < 0.05）。结论宁夏农村居民土源性线虫总感染率较低,有明显地区差异,感染虫种以蛔虫为主,老年人、农民、文盲或半文盲及汉族为重点防治对象。

关键词: 土源性线虫, 感染, 监测, 宁夏

Abstract:

Objective To understand the infection status of human soil-transmitted nematodes in Ningxia, and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and control.Methods The survey was conducted according to the National Surveillance Program and Implementation Guideline for Chlonorchiasis and Soil-transmitted Healminthiasis. A total of 50 surveillance sites were selected from 10 counties (Helan, Haiyuan, Pingluo, Yanchi, Tongxin, Qingtongxia, Jingyuan, Huinong, Hong sibu and Dawukou) using the stratified cluster random sampling method, each site having no less than 200 permanent residents aged above 3 years. Fecal samples were collected from the residents, in which eggs of soil-transmitted nematodes were examinted with the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method. Cellophane anal swab method was used to detect Enterobius vermicularis eggs in children aged 3-9 years. In each survey site, 5 households were randomly selected to collect 30 g of soil sample from around toilet or vegetable gardens. The Ascaris lumbricoides eggs in the soil samples were detected and counted using the saturated sodium nitrate solution floatation method. The correlation between the egg positive rate of A. lumbricoides eggs in soil and the infection rate of A. lumbricoides in population was analyzed by Spearman correlation method.Results Examination for a total of 11 035 people found an overall soil-transmitted nematode infection rate of 1.0% (110/11 350), predominated by A. lumbricoides. The infection rates of A. lumbricoedes and E. vermicularis was 0.8% (95/11 350) and 0.1% (16/11 350), respectively. The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes was highest in Pingluo County (3.0%, 32/1 053), and there was statistically significant difference among the survey sites (P < 0.05). The infection rates of soil-transmitted nematode in males and females were 1.0% (55/5 641) and 1.0% (55/5 709), with no significant difference between them (P> 0.05). The infection occurred in all age groups, with the highest infection rate in the age group over 70 years old (2.5%, 18/708). The infection rate in ethnic minority (0.6%, 32/5 092) was lower than that in Han ethnicity (1.3%, 78/6 258) (P < 0.05). Among different occupation groups, farmers had the highest infection rate (1.5%, 99/6 585). The education distribution showed that illiterate or semi-illiterate residents had the highest infection rate (2.2%, 19/850). Notably, There were statistically significant difference in the infection rate among different age groups, ethnicities, occupations and education background (P < 0.05). A total of 275 soil samples were examined, and the result indicated an egg positive rate of A. lumbricoedes eggs of 11.6% (32/275). The A. lumbricoedes egg positive rate in soil samples was positively correlated with the infection rate of A. lumbricoedes in residents.Conclusion The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode in rural residents of Ningxia is low, and shows an obvious regional difference, with A. lumbricoedes as the main nematode species. The elder, farmers, illiterate or semi-illiterate, and Han ethnic group are the underlined target population for control.

Key words: Soil-transmitted nematodes, Infection, Surveillance, Ningxia

中图分类号:

R532.11

段红菊, 吴向林, 付益仁, 李海军, 马荣, 马天波, 齐蓉婷. 2018年宁夏土源性线虫感染情况监测结果分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2020, 38(4): 440-444.

DUAN Hong-ju, WU Xiang-lin, FU Yi-ren, LI Hai-jun, MA Rong, MA Tian-bo, QI Rong-ting. Surveillance on soil-transmitted nematode infections in 2018 in Ningxia, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2020, 38(4): 440-444.

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虫种Species	克粪便虫卵数Eggs per gram feces
虫种Species	轻度感染 Mild infection	中度感染 Moderate infection	重度感染 Severe infection
钩虫Hookworm	< 2 000	2 000~3 999	≥ 4 000
蛔虫 A. lumbricoides	< 5 000	5 000~4 9999	≥ 50 000
鞭虫T. trichiura	< 1 000	1 000~9 999	≥ 10 000

县（市、区） County（City, District）	检查人数 No. exam’d	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	蛔虫A. lumbricoedes		蛲虫E. vermicularis
县（市、区） County（City, District）	检查人数 No. exam’d	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	感染率人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%	感染率人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%
盐池Yanchi	1 000	19	1.9	19	1.9	0	0
同心Tongxin	1 235	8	0.7	8	0.7	0	0
青铜峡Qingtongxia	1 305	17	1.3	17	1.3	0	0
平罗Pingluo	1 053	32	3.0	18	1.7	14	1.3
泾源Jingyuan	1 315	3	0.2	3	0.2	0	0
惠农Huinong	1 093	3	0.3	3	0.3	0	0
红寺堡Hongsibuqu	1 300	4	0.3	4	0.3	0	0
贺兰Helan	1 045	12	1.2	12	1.2	0	0
海原Haiyuan	1 004	12	1.2	11	1.1	2	0.2
大武口Dawukou	1 000	0	0	0	0	0	0
合计Total	11 350	110	1.0	95	0.8	16	0.1

特征Characteristics	检查人数 No. exam’d	感染人数 No. infected	感染率/% Infection rate/%
性别Gender
男Male	5 641	55	1.0
女Female	5 709	55	1.0
年龄Age group
< 10	2 907	5	0.2
10~19	1 312	5	0.4
20~29	747	1	0.1
30~39	1 437	16	1.1
40~49	1 388	13	0.9
50~59	1 427	20	1.4
60~69	1 424	32	2.3
70~	708	18	2.5
民族Ethnicity
汉族Han	6 258	78	1.3
少数民族Minority	5 092	32	0.6
职业Occupation
儿童Children	1 508	4	0.3
学生Students	2 385	6	0.3
农民Farmers	6 587	99	1.5
其他Others	870	1	0.1
文化程度 Degree of education
文盲或半文Illiteracy	850	19	2.2
学龄前儿童Preschoolers	1 781	4	0.2
小学Primary school	5 195	54	1.0
初中Middle school	2 899	29	1.0
高中High school	442	4	0.9
大专及以上 College and above	183	0	0

县（市、区） County (District)	检测份数 No. exam’d	阳性份数 No. positive	阳性率/% Positive rate/%
盐池Yanchi	25	5	20.0
同心Tongxin	25	0	0
青铜峡Qingtongxia	25	12	48.0
平罗Pingluo	25	3	12.0
泾源Jingyuan	25	1	4.0
惠农Huinong	25	0	0
红寺堡Hongsibuqu	25	0	0
贺兰Helan	25	0	0
海原Haiyuan	50	11	22.0
大武口Dawukou	25	0	0
合计Total	275	32	11.6

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