2015年北京市人体重点寄生虫病现状调查

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2020.03.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2015年北京市根据《全国人体重点寄生虫病现状调查方案》和实施细则要求,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,选择13个区的52个调查点开展土源性线虫感染情况调查,7个调查点开展华支睾吸虫感染情况调查。每个调查点收集不少于250份常驻居民的粪样,采用改良加藤厚涂片法（一粪二检）检测土源性线虫及其他肠道蠕虫卵,3~6岁儿童加做透明胶纸肛拭法检测蛲虫卵。随机抽取部分人群开展寄生虫病防治知识问卷调查,了解相关知识认知情况。采用SPSS 20.0统计学软件进行统计分析。结果显示,52个土源性线虫调查点共调查13 401人,蛔虫感染12例,其中4例混合感染鞭虫,总感染率为0.09%（12/13 401）。622名3~6岁儿童进行蛲虫检测,未发现感染者。7个华支睾吸虫调查点共调查1 782人,未发现感染者。12例土源性线虫感染者均来自燕山-太行山山地生态区,包括1名小学生和11名农民;燕山-太行山山地生态区土源性线虫感染率为0.18%（12/6 673）,京津唐城镇与城郊生态区感染率为0,两个生态区之间差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。不同性别、年龄组、职业之间的感染率差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。共收集调查问卷1 876份,城郊地区对寄生虫病知晓率最高,其中蛔虫病知晓率为83.72%（607/725）,华支睾吸虫病知晓率为56.83%（412/725）。北京市土源性线虫感染率下降明显,偏远农村地区40岁以上人群是防控重点。

关键词: 土源性线虫, 感染率, 北京市

Abstract:

In 2015, a survey on the status of important human parasitic diseases was carried out in 52 sites for soil-transmitted nematode infection and 7 sites for Clonorchis sinensis infection selected 13 districts of Beijing, using the stratified cluster sampling method, according to the National Survey Program and detailed implementation guidance. No less than 250 fecal samples from permanent residents were collected at each site. The eggs of soil-transmitted nematodes and other intestinal helminthes were examined using the modified Kato-Kats technique (one sample/two slides reading). The cellophane swab method was used to detect Enterobius vermicularis eggs in children aged 3-6 years. In addition, the residents were randomly sampled to complete a questionnaire concerning the knowledge of parasitic disease prevention and treatment. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 software. A total of 13 401 residents from the 52 sites were surveyed. Twelve of them were detected with Ascaris lumbricoides infection, of whom 4 showed mixed infection with Trichuris trichiura. Therefore, the overall infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode was 0.09% (12/13 401). A total of 622 children aged 3-6 years were examined and no Enterobius vermicularis infection was found. A total of 1 782 residents were examined in the 7 survey sites for Clonorchis sinensis, and no infection was found. The 12 residents with soil-transmitted nematode infection were from the Yanshan-Taihang Mountain ecological region, including a student and 11 farmers. The soil-transmitted nematode infection rate was 0.18% (12/6 673) in the Yanshan-Taihang Mountain ecological region, while no soil-transmitted nematode infection was detected in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan ecological region, with significant difference between the two regions (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the infection rate between males and females, among age groups, or among different occupations (P > 0.05). A total of 1 876 questionnaires were collected. The awareness rate of parasitic disease was highest in residents in the suburb area, including 83.72% (607/725) aware of ascariasis and 56.83% (412/725) of clonorchiasis sinensis. In conclusion, the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes shows a significant decrease in Beijing. Residents aged 40 years and above in remote rural areas are the main targets of parasitic disease prevention and control.

Key words: Soil-transmitted nematodes, Infection rate, Beijing City

中图分类号:

何战英, 王小梅, 吴文婷, 杜丹, 张代涛, 王全意. 2015年北京市人体重点寄生虫病现状调查[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2020, 38(3): 345-349.

HE Zhan-ying, WANG Xiao-mei, WU Wen-ting, DU Dan, ZHANG Dai-tao, WANG Quan-yi. A survey on the status of important human parasitic diseases in Beijing in 2015[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2020, 38(3): 345-349.

图/表 2

表1

表2

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特征	检查人数	蛔虫		鞭虫		合计
特征	检查人数	感染人数	感染率/%	感染人数	感染率/%	感染人数^*	感染率/%
性别
男	6 200	6	0.10	3	0.05	6	0.10
女	7 201	6	0.08	1	0.01	6	0.08
年龄
≤9	1 142	1	0.09	0	0	1	0.09
10~19	499	0	0	0	0	0	0
20~29	1 060	0	0	0	0	0	0
30~39	1 580	0	0	0	0	0	0
40~49	1 773	1	0.06	0	0	1	0.06
50~59	3 214	2	0.06	1	0.03	2	0.06
60~69	2 656	5	0.19	2	0.08	5	0.19
70~79	1 106	1	0.09	0	0	1	0.09
80~89	344	2	0.58	1	0.29	2	0.58
≥90	27	0	0	0	0.	0	0
职业
农民	8216	11	0.13	4	0.05	11	0.13
工人	985	0	0	0	0	0	0
学生	834	1	0.12	0	0	1	0.12
学龄前儿童	838	0	0	0	0	0	0
离退休人员	707	0	0	0	0	0	0
待业人员	623	0	0	0	0	0	0
企事业人员	606	0	0	0	0	0	0
其他	592	0	0	0	0	0	0

问题内容	农村地区		城郊地区		城镇地区		χ²	P
问题内容	知晓人数	知晓率%	知晓人数	知晓率%	知晓人数	知晓率%	χ²	P
土源性线虫
防治知识
听说过	516	56.64	607	83.72	-	-	137.575	< 0.01
感染方式	351	68.02	470	77.43	-	-	12.553	< 0.01
危害	454	87.98	525	86.49	-	-	0.557	> 0.05
预防	363	70.35	441	72.65	-	-	0.728	> 0.05
防治行为
饭前便后洗手	896	98.35	705	97.24	-	-	2.385	> 0.05
喝生水	204	22.39	95	13.10	-	-	23.325	< 0.01
用新鲜粪便施肥	87	9.55	59	8.14	-	-	0.990	> 0.05
赤脚下地劳动	42	4.61	33	4.55	-	-	0.003	> 0.05
防治态度
愿意买驱虫药	897	98.46	675	93.10	-	-	30.853	< 0.01
愿意改变现有习惯	458	50.27	275	37.93	-	-	24.872	< 0.01
华支睾吸虫
防治知识
听说过	147	16.14	412	56.83	77	32.08	298.715	< 0.01
感染方式	90	61.22	383	92.96	62	80.52	82.539	< 0.01
危害	124	84.35	391	94.90	51	66.23	58.641	< 0.01
预防	90	61.22	376	91.26	54	70.13	73.500	< 0.01
防治行为、态度
生熟砧板分开	720	79.03	681	93.93	186	77.50	79.379	< 0.01
生吃淡水鱼虾	32	3.51	112	15.45	31	12.92	72.186	< 0.01
愿意花钱买药吃	869	95.39	677	93.38	219	91.25	6.899	< 0.05

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