福建北部地区斯氏并殖吸虫疫源地宿主感染情况分析

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2020.01.015

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 102-109.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2020.01.015

福建北部地区斯氏并殖吸虫疫源地宿主感染情况分析

蔡茂荣¹, 罗鋆¹, 艾琳², 廖奇³, 卓鸣莺⁴, 陈佳³, 陈锦钟¹, 柳建发^3,*, 程由注⁵

1 漳州市疾病预防控制中心,漳州 363000;
2 中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所,国家热带病研究中心,世界卫生组织热带病合作中心,科技部国家级热带病国际联合研究中心,卫生部寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室,上海 200025;
3 宁波大学医学院,宁波 315211;
4 南平市疾病预防控制中心,南平 353000;
5 福建省疾病预防控制中心,福州 35001

收稿日期:2019-07-23 出版日期:2020-02-28 发布日期:2020-03-19
通讯作者: 柳建发,E-mail：liujianfa@nbu.edu.cn
作者简介:蔡茂荣（1964-）,男,本科,主任医师,从事食源性疾病病原及媒介生物防控。E-mail：zzcdc.cmr@163.com
基金资助:
国家寄生虫资源库; 福建省漳州市自然科学基金（No. ZZ2017J09); 福建省漳州市重大科技项目（No. ZZ2017ZD05）

Investigation on the infection of Paragonimus skrjabini in intermediate hosts in northern Fujian

CAI Mao-rong¹, LUO Jun¹, AI Lin², LIAO Qi³, ZHUO Ming-yin⁴, CHEN Jia³, CHEN Jin-zhong¹, LIU Jian-fa^3,*, CHENG You-zhu⁵

1 Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhangzhou City, Zhangzhou 363000, China;
2 National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China;
3 Medical College of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
4 Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanping City, Nanping 363000, China;
5 Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 35001, China

Received:2019-07-23 Online:2020-02-28 Published:2020-03-19
Contact: E-mail: liujianfa@nbu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Supported by the National Parasitic Resources Center, Zhangzhou Natural Science Foundation of Fujian (No. ZZ2017J09) and Zhangzhou Key Project of Science and Technology Plan (No. ZZ2017ZD05)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的考察福建北部地区斯氏并殖吸虫中间宿主螺、蟹种群及其孳生地,比较生态环境改变前后感染率,并分析其变化原因。方法 2009-2019年,以并殖吸虫病例为线索,对福建省北部南平市的建瓯市小桥镇漈上村、东峰镇桂林村、城关镇七里街村和建阳区崇雒乡上洋村、政和县东平镇西表村、岭腰乡前溪村以及三明市的三元区居阳村等11处调查点进行现场采集螺、蟹,并考察其生态环境,设框（33 mm²）检测螺分布密度,计算螺的并殖吸虫尾蚴感染率和蟹的并殖吸虫囊蚴感染率、感染度。囊蚴采用人工感染健康犬（2只）和PCR扩增内转录间隔区2（ITS2）序列、线粒体细胞色素氧化酶1（CO1）基因进行鉴定。考察原孳生地生态环境的变化,复查螺、蟹的感染率、感染度,分析环境变化对感染率的影响。结果 11处调查点查见唐氏拟小豆螺、建瓯拟小豆螺和小桥拟钉螺等3种螺。山涧水源小沟或渗水湿地等微型生态环境为螺的适宜孳生地,螺多栖息于沟内水线上下5 mm的潮湿环境,主要附着于沟内潮湿的陈旧落叶、枯枝,其次为石块上,泥砂中较少。唐氏拟小豆螺、建瓯拟小豆螺和小桥拟钉螺的平均分布密度分别为156/框、179~291/框和12~266/框;各调查点均有螺查出斯氏并殖吸虫尾蚴,唐氏拟小豆螺、建瓯拟小豆螺和小桥拟钉螺的感染率分别为0.22%（4/1 851）、0.38%(36/9 420)、1.10%(102/9 247)。11处调查点查见福建华溪蟹、福建博特溪蟹、角肢华南溪蟹和待定种华南溪蟹等4种溪蟹。溪蟹多栖息于水流缓慢的山涧,白天潜伏于石块下,夜间四出觅食。溪蟹的斯氏并殖吸虫囊蚴感染率为38.99%~96.77%,平均感染率为80.21%（231/288）,平均感染度为19.8个囊蚴/蟹。PCR结果显示,囊蚴样品扩增出的ITS2序列约500 bp,与GenBank中斯氏并殖吸虫相似性为99%;CO1基因序列约450 bp,与GenBank中宫崎并殖吸虫相似性为100%。人工感染实验结果显示,2只感染犬解剖后分别获得6和8条成虫,经鉴定均为斯氏并殖吸虫。孳生地环境改变有山洪暴发、垦植、干旱和人为破坏等原因,孳生地环境改变后对11处19次复查中,有10次未采集到螺,有5次未采集到蟹。5个调查点孳生地环境变化为山洪暴发所致,灾后进行7次调查均未查见螺,其中3处未查见溪蟹。11处调查点孳生地环境改变后,蟹的斯氏并殖吸虫囊蚴感染率为36.11%（91/252）,平均感染度为4.9个囊蚴/蟹。孳生地环境改变前后的感染率差异具统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论福建北部建瓯等地为斯氏并殖吸虫高度感染的自然疫源地。孳生地生态环境改变后螺、蟹斯氏并殖吸虫尾蚴/囊蚴感染率下降明显,其中山洪暴发和垦植等是影响螺、蟹感染率下降的主要因素。

关键词: 斯氏并殖吸虫, 中间宿主, 种群, 孳生地, 感染率, 影响因素, 分子鉴定

Abstract: Objective To investigate the species and habitats of snails and crabs related to the infection of Paragonimus skrjabini in northern Fujian, and the association of environment changes to the infection of the parasite in these intermediate hosts. Methods Based on the living areas of P. skrjabini infected cases, the snails and crabs were collected from the areas in 11 sites in northern Fujian. The ecological environment of these sites, distribution density of snails and crabs and their infection with Paragonimus cercariae(snail) and metacercariae(crab) were investigated. The metacercariaes collected from infected crabs were used to infect two dogs. The specific internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and cytochrome oxidase 1(CO1) genes were amplified from the collected metacercariaes by PCR. The effect of environment changes in these habitat areas on the infection of P. skrjabini was investigated. Results Psedobhythinella tangi, P. jianouensis and Tricula xiaoqiaoensis were found in all 11 survey sites. These sails lived in the water ditches or wetlands under the mountain, mostly inhabited in the humid environment in the ditches 5 mm above and below the water line. Snails adhered to defoliated leaves or dead wood branches in ditches (62.63%), on stones (35.07%) and in mud (2.29%). The density distribution of P. tangi, P. jianouensis and T. xiaoqiaoensis was 156, 179-291 and 12-266 per cage, respectively. P. skrjabini cercariae were identified in all 11 survey sites with infection rate of 0.22% (4/1 851) in P. tangi, 0.38% (36/9 420) in P. jianouensis and 1.10% (102/9 247) in T. xiaoqiaoensis. Four species of crab were identified in these sites including Sinopotamon fukinense, Bottapotamon fukinense, Huananpotamon angulatum, and Huananpotamon spp. The infection rate of P. skrjabini metacercariae in these crabs in 11 sites varied from 38.99% to 96.77% with average infection rate of 80.21% (231/288) and infection intensity of 19.8 metacercariae per crab. PCR results showed that a fragment of 500 bp ITS2 DNA was amplified from collected metacercariaes that shares 99% sequence identity with the same gene from P. skrjabini deposited in GenBank, and 450 bp CO1 that shares 100% sequence identity with P. skrjabini CO1. The collected metacercariaes were used to infect two dogs and 6 and 8 adult worms were harvested from each infected dogs, all identified as P. skrjabini. The environment changes including flooding, plantation, droughts damaged the habitats of snail and crab and affected their infections of P. skrjabini with statistical difference (P < 0.05). No snail was found in 7 investigations and no crab was found in 3 sites after flooding. Conclusion The mountain areas in northern Fujian including Jianou are the natural endemic areas for the infection of P. skrjabini. The environment change including flooding and plantation are the main factors affecting the breeding of intermediate host snails and crabs and the infection of P. skrjabini in these areas.

Key words: Paragonimus skrjabini, Intermediate host, Population, Breeding place, Infective rate, Influence factor, Molecular identification

中图分类号:

R383.233

蔡茂荣, 罗鋆, 艾琳, 廖奇, 卓鸣莺, 陈佳, 陈锦钟, 柳建发, 程由注. 福建北部地区斯氏并殖吸虫疫源地宿主感染情况分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2020, 38(1): 102-109.

CAI Mao-rong, LUO Jun, AI Lin, LIAO Qi, ZHUO Ming-yin, CHEN Jia, CHEN Jin-zhong, LIU Jian-fa, CHENG You-zhu. Investigation on the infection of Paragonimus skrjabini in intermediate hosts in northern Fujian[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2020, 38(1): 102-109.

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福建北部地区斯氏并殖吸虫疫源地宿主感染情况分析

Investigation on the infection of Paragonimus skrjabini in intermediate hosts in northern Fujian

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